TABLE 4.
Flavouring compounds already assessed by EFSA and/or by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) as chemically defined flavourings, grouped according to the chemical group (CG) as defined in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000, with indication of the EU Flavour Information System (FLAVIS) number and the corresponding EFSA/JECFA opinion.
| CG | Chemical group | Product (EU register name) | FLAVIS No | EFSA/JECFA opinion,* year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Straight‐chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes | Methyl citronellate a | 09.517 | WHO (2000) (JECFA) |
| 03 | a, ß‐Unsaturated (alkene or alkyne) straight‐chain and branched‐chain aliphatic primary alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters | (Z)‐Nerol | 02.058 | 2016a |
| Neral | 05.170 | |||
| trans‐3,7‐Dimethylocta‐2,6‐dienal (geranial) | 05.188 | |||
| Geranyl acetate | 09.011 | |||
| 04 | Non‐conjugated and accumulated unsaturated straight‐chain and branched‐chain aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, acids, acetals and esters | Lavandulyl acetate | 09.612 | 2011a, CEF |
| 05 | Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters with esters containing secondary alcohols | Oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol | 02.023 | 2020 |
| Octan‐3‐ol | 02.098 | 2015a | ||
| Octan‐3‐one | 07.062 | |||
| 06 | Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic saturated and unsaturated tertiary alcohols and esters with esters containing tertiary alcohols ethers | Linalool | 02.013 | 2012a |
| 2‐(4‐Methylphenyl)propan‐2‐ol | 02.042 | |||
| α‐Terpineol | 02.014 | |||
| 4‐Terpinenol | 02.072 | |||
| Terpineol | 02.230 | |||
| Linalyl acetate | 09.013 | |||
| Sabinene hydrate | 02.085 | WHO (2000) | ||
| 08 | Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones, ketals and esters with ketals containing alicyclic alcohols or ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols | d,l‐Borneol | 02.016 | 2016b |
| l‐Carvone | 07.147 | |||
| d‐Camphor b | 07.215 | |||
| Dihydrocarvone a , c | 07.128 | WHO (2000) | ||
| 13 | Furanones and tetrahydrofurfuryl derivatives | Linalool oxide d | 13.140 | 2012b |
| 16 | Aliphatic and alicyclic ethers | 1,8‐Cineole | 03.001 | 2012c, 2021 |
| 18 | Allylhydroxybenzenes | Eugenol | 04.003 | 2011 |
| 25 | Phenol derivatives containing ring‐alkyl, ring‐alkoxy and side‐chains with an oxygenated functional group | Thymol | 04.006 | 2012d |
| Carvacrol | 04.031 | |||
| 26 | Aromatic ethers including anisole derivatives | 1‐Isopropyl‐2‐methoxy‐4‐methylbenzene | 04.043 | 2012e |
| 31 | Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and acetals containing saturated aldehydes | 1‐Isopropyl‐4‐methylbenzene (p‐cymene) | 01.002 | 2015b |
| Terpinolene | 01.005 | |||
| α‐Phellandrene | 01.006 | |||
| α‐Terpinene | 01.019 | |||
| γ‐Terpinene | 01.020 | |||
| d‐Limonene | 01.045 | |||
| Pin‐2(10)‐ene (β‐pinene) | 01.003 | 2016c | ||
| Pin‐2(3)‐ene (α‐pinene) | 01.004 | |||
| β‐Caryophyllene | 01.007 | |||
| Myrcene | 01.008 | |||
| Camphene | 01.009 | |||
| δ‐3‐Carene | 01.029 | |||
| 3,7,10‐Humulatriene a , e | 01.043 | 2011b, CEF | ||
| β‐Phellandrene a , e | 01.055 | |||
| Limonenea,f | 01.001 | 2015a, CEF | ||
| β‐Bisabolene a | 01.028 | |||
|
cis‐3,7‐Dimethyl‐1,3,6‐octatriene cis‐β‐Ocimene a |
01.064 | |||
| 32 | Epoxides | β‐Caryophyllene epoxide a | 16.043 | 2014, CEF |
FEEDAP opinion unless otherwise indicated.
Evaluated for use in food. According to Regulation (EC) 1565/2000, flavourings evaluated by JECFA before 2000 are not required to be re‐evaluated by EFSA.
JECFA and EFSA evaluated the enantiomer d‐camphor [07.159] (name in the register: (1R,4R)‐1,7,7‐Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐one) for use in food (EFSA, 2008) and in feed (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2016b).
JECFA evaluated dihydrocarvone [07.128] as a mixture of cis‐ and trans‐dihydrocarvone.
Linalool oxide [13.140]: A mixture of cis‐ and trans‐linalool oxide (5‐ring) was evaluated [13.140] (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012b).
Evaluated applying the ‘Procedure’ described in the Guidance on the data required for the risk assessment of flavourings to be used in or on food (EFSA CEF Panel, 2010). No longer authorised for use as flavours in food, as the additional toxicity data requested (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011b) were not submitted and the CEF Panel was unable to complete its assessment (EFSA CEF Panel, 2015a).