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. 2024 Sep 28;16(9):e70362. doi: 10.7759/cureus.70362

Figure 3. Comparison of paternal overprotection of the PBI in the three groups.

Figure 3

ADHD: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, PBI: Parental Bonding Instrument, ns: not significant The mean score±standard deviation for paternal overprotection was 13.87±6.01 in the “pseudo-ADHD” group, 18.96±6.75 in the adult ADHD group, and 12.73±5.67 in the healthy control group. The F-value of the one-way analysis of variance was 13.829. ***p<0.001, **p<0.01