Fig. 4. AdECM-containing fibrin gel enhanced vasculature formation. (a) The ability of gelation was analyzed in matrices of 0.5, 0.75, and 1% AdECM with 10 mg ml⁻¹ fibrin. Cryo-SEM images of AdECM-containing fibrin gel. Scale bar = 4 μm. (b) FTIR spectra of fibrin gel and AdECM-containing fibrin gels. (c and d) Rheological properties of fibrin and AdECM/fibrin solutions during gelation. (e) The level of VEGF in the media was measured after cultivating HUVECs and HDFs on a culture plate with different matrices for the indicated time period. *P < 0.05, compared to fibrin gel alone by one-way ANOVA. All data are shown as the mean (±SD). (f) Fluorescence images of vasculature stained with F-actin. Self-assembled microvascular network on the matrices after cultivation of HUVECs and HDFs for 5 and 7 days. Scale bar = 100 μm. (g and h) Quantitative measurement of average vessel length and vessel diameter of assembled vascular network in different matrices by ImageJ with a vessel analysis plugin from three fields of each well. *P < 0.05, compared to fibrin gel by one-way ANOVA.