Figure 3.

Tα1 can further increase immune infiltration while reversing the phenotype of TAMs and reducing Treg infiltration

(A) Schematic representation of experimental design and treatment timeline. WT mice were injected subcutaneously with 5 × 10⁵ 4T1 cells. When the tumor volume reached approximately 50–100 mm³, the mice were randomly divided into different groups and treated with an intra-tumoral injection of 0.1 mL of PBS or ADV (2 × 10⁸ PFU) every 2 days for a total of three times. Tα1 (0.25 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously in the peritumoral site once daily starting with the first dose of ADV. TILs from the tumor were assessed by flow cytometry (day 24; n = 7 biological replicates); s.c., subcutaneous; i.t., intra-tumoral.

(B) Percentages (left) and total cells normalized to g (gram) tumor tissue (right) of CD3⁺ T cells, TAMs, NK cells, and DCs within the TME of mice (n = 6 biological replicates).

(C–H) Representative plots (left), percentages (top), and total cells normalized to g tumor tissue (bottom) of TILs. (C) CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells, (D) CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs, (E) CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells, (F) IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells, (G) “M1-like” macrophages, and (H) “M2-like” macrophages within the TME of mice (n = 6 biological replicates).

The data are shown as the means ± SD. NS, no significant difference; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.