Table 2.
Hazard ratios of cause-specific mortality for Models 1 to 3, alongside percentage and number of deaths, according to percentile groups for day light and night light
| Cardiometabolic mortality | Other-cause mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light exposure percentile | % (N) | HR [95%CI] | P-value | % (N) | HR [95%CI] | P-value | ||
| Model 1 | Night | 0 to 50% (ref.) | 0.84 (373) | – | – | 3.22 (1,426) | – | – |
| 50 to 70% | 0.85 (150) | 1.08 [0.89 to 1.31] | 0.22 | 3.01 (534) | 1.00 [0.91 to 1.11] | 0.48 | ||
| 70 to 90% | 0.97 (172) | 1.25 [1.04 to 1.49]* | 0.0091 | 3.43 (608) | 1.15 [1.04 to 1.26]* | 0.0025 | ||
| 90 to 100% | 1.12 (99) | 1.46 [1.16 to 1.82]* | 0.00051 | 3.86 (342) | 1.30 [1.15 to 1.47]* | <0.0001 | ||
| Day | 0 to 50% (ref.) | 0.93 (411) | – | – | 3.38 (1,497) | – | – | |
| 50 to 70% | 0.82 (146) | 0.79 [0.65 to 0.96]* | 0.0099 | 3.23 (573) | 0.86 [0.78 to 0.95]* | 0.0015 | ||
| 70 to 90% | 0.90 (159) | 0.77 [0.62 to 0.95]* | 0.0084 | 3.05 (541) | 0.74 [0.66 to 0.83]* | <0.0001 | ||
| 90 to 100% | 0.88 (78) | 0.61 [0.46 to 0.80]* | 0.00027 | 3.38 (299) | 0.68 [0.59 to 0.79]* | <0.0001 | ||
| Model 2 | Night | 0 to 50% (ref.) | 0.84 (365) | – | – | 3.20 (1,391) | – | – |
| 50 to 70% | 0.86 (150) | 1.10 [0.90 to 1.33] | 0.17 | 2.99 (520) | 0.99 [0.90 to 1.10] | 0.45 | ||
| 70 to 90% | 0.97 (169) | 1.26 [1.05 to 1.52]* | 0.0068 | 3.43 (597) | 1.15 [1.05 to 1.27]* | 0.0019 | ||
| 90 to 100% | 1.11 (97) | 1.45 [1.16 to 1.83]* | 0.00064 | 3.79 (330) | 1.27 [1.13 to 1.44]* | <0.0001 | ||
| Day | 0 to 50% (ref.) | 0.92 (402) | – | – | 3.35 (1,459) | – | – | |
| 50 to 70% | 0.83 (145) | 0.81 [0.66 to 0.99]* | 0.018 | 3.22 (561) | 0.88 [0.79 to 0.97]* | 0.0058 | ||
| 70 to 90% | 0.91 (159) | 0.80 [0.64 to 0.99]* | 0.019 | 3.02 (526) | 0.76 [0.68 to 0.85]* | <0.0001 | ||
| 90 to 100% | 0.86 (75) | 0.61 [0.46 to 0.82]* | 0.00044 | 3.35 (292) | 0.72 [0.62 to 0.83]* | <0.0001 | ||
| Model 3 | Night | 0 to 50% (ref.) | 0.84 (360) | – | – | 3.19 (1,364) | – | – |
| 50 to 70% | 0.86 (148) | 1.09 [0.90 to 1.32] | 0.2 | 2.99 (512) | 0.99 [0.89 to 1.09] | 0.41 | ||
| 70 to 90% | 0.97 (166) | 1.22 [1.01 to 1.47]* | 0.019 | 3.45 (590) | 1.13 [1.02 to 1.24]* | 0.0091 | ||
| 90 to 100% | 1.12 (96) | 1.33 [1.06 to 1.68]* | 0.0069 | 3.79 (324) | 1.17 [1.03 to 1.32]* | 0.0064 | ||
| Day | 0 to 50% (ref.) | 0.93 (397) | – | – | 3.34 (1,430) | – | – | |
| 50 to 70% | 0.82 (141) | 0.84 [0.69 to 1.03] | 0.051 | 3.24 (554) | 0.92 [0.83 to 1.02] | 0.064 | ||
| 70 to 90% | 0.92 (158) | 0.91 [0.73 to 1.12] | 0.19 | 3.02 (517) | 0.84 [0.75 to 0.94]* | 0.0011 | ||
| 90 to 100% | 0.86 (74) | 0.76 [0.56 to 1.02]* | 0.033 | 3.38 (289) | 0.86 [0.74 to 0.99]* | 0.02 | ||
Hazard ratios represent risks of cardiometabolic and other-cause mortality across light exposure percentile groups, compared to a reference light exposure group, for day and night light. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and photoperiod; Model 2 was additionally adjusted for employment status, education, income, and deprivation; Model 3 was further adjusted for physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, urbanicity, and social activity.
*P < 0.05.