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. 2024 Oct 26;14:25555. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76482-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — X. tropicalis tmem16a is expressed in SSCs in the tadpole skin. (a–b) In a developmental time series of single-cell transcriptomes in X. tropicalis embryos from NF8-NF22, an SSC lineage (highlighted in red) was identified (a, upper). An expanded view (black box) examining gene-specific expression in this SSC lineage reveals expression of met (a, lower left; marking this SSC lineage) and of tmem16a (a, lower right). Within epidermal lineages, tmem16a expression is present in the SSC lineage from NF18 but absent from other epidermal lineages from differentiation to NF22 (b). Each circle represents a developmental stage in a specific epidermal lineage. Scale bars: colour intensity represents normalised expression level from undetectable (0) to maximum expression (1) within the entire dataset. (c–e) Chromogenic in situ hybridisation for tmem16a at stages NF22 (c), NF36 (d) and NF43 (e) reveals punctate expression throughout the skin, matching typical SSC distribution. (f–h) Fluorescent in situ hybridisation for tmem16a (f) and dual staining with the SSC vesicle marker PNA (g) confirms that tmem16a is expressed in SSCs (merged and expanded from white box in h).