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. 2024 Oct 26;14:25555. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76482-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — X. tropicalis Tmem16a regulates mucin secretion and remodelling. (a) Tmem16a depletion results in significantly increased MucXS secretion (mean 3-fold increase) from the tadpole skin under ionomycin-induced conditions. Paired data from three biological replicates is shown on the secondary axis (grey). The Shapiro-Wilk test did not show a significant departure from normality for raw data from either MOC- or MO-injected embryos. Ratio paired t-testing identified a significant difference in MucXS signal between MOC- and MO-injected embryos, p = 0.0062. (b) MucXS secreted from MOC-injected tadpoles forms a discrete density peak (MOC; typical experiment) while MucXS secreted from Tmem16a morphant tadpoles is distributed across a wide density profile (MO repeats 1–3). Sucrose density from a typical experiment is indicated on the secondary axis (grey). (d–e) Mucins secreted from MOC-injected tadpoles are detectable as compact (d) or semi-expanded (e) forms. (f–i) Mucins secreted from Tmem16a morphant tadpoles are occasionally evident in semi-expanded form (f) or as thin strands aggregating with amorphous strutures (g). The majority of secreted mucins appear as linear molecules (h-i).