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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 28.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018 Nov 19;27(4):571–579. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.11.002

Fig. 3. Diagram of types of clinical outcomes.

Fig. 3.

Clinical outcomes may include PROs, clinician-reported outcomes, observer-reported outcomes and performance based outcomes. The focus of this white paper is on biomarker outcomes and trials demonstrating their relationship to clinical outcomes in PMA trials. Graphic adapted from Patrick, Arbuckle, and Burke presentation at the ISPOR 17th Annual European Congress, November 11, 2014 (https://www.ispor.org/Event/GetReleasedPresentation/148).