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. 2024 Oct 27;9:201. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-00999-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Comparative response of samples collected from MM patients after monovalent booster immunizations. Black lines, patients without evidence of natural exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Red lines, patients with natural exposure to SARS-CoV-2 by confirmation of positive anti-nucleocapsid binding antibodies. Dark black and dark red lines represent the geometric mean titers (GMT). The focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50 [the reciprocal dilution of serum that neutralizes 50% of the input virus]) geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies against the WA1 strain, and each Omicron subvariants is shown at the top of the panel, GMT values in black unexposed patients, GMT values in red patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infections. B Time course of FRNT titers against WA1 in patients that received monovalent immunization and were unexposed (gray symbols) or exposed (red symbols) to SARS-CoV-2. C Percentage of responders against individual variants tested, among unexposed (gray bars) or exposed (red bars) to SARS-CoV-2 that received monovalent booster immunization. D Comparative response of samples collected from MM patients after bivalent booster immunizations. Black lines, patients without evidence of natural exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Red lines, patients with natural exposure to SARS-CoV-2 by confirmation of positive anti-nucleocapsid binding antibodies. Dark black and dark red lines represent the GMT of neutralizing antibodies against the virus tested. GMT of neutralizing antibodies is shown at the top of the panel, with GMT values in black unexposed patients and GMT values in red patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infections. E Time course of FRNT titers against WA1 in patients that received bivalent immunization and were unexposed (gray symbols) or exposed (red symbols) to SARS-CoV-2. F Percentage of responders against individual variant tested, among unexposed (gray bars) or exposed (red bars) to SARS-CoV-2 that received bivalent booster immunization.