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. 2024 Oct 19;14(10):1521–1537. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i10.1521

Table 5.

Levels of discrimination - Everyday Discrimination Scale

Outcome measures
Sample groups
Baseline
One-month
P value
Effectiveness size
Power
Item 1 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 4.29 (1.27) 4.13 (1.29) 0.62 0.0677 0.9998
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 3.71 (1.52) 4.12 (1.54) 0.454 0.125 0.9784
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.924 0.0155 0.9995
Item 2 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 32.17 (4.13) 31.78 (4.31) 0.531 0.0833 0.9996
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 31.14 (3.73) 32.83 (4.75) 0.147 0.237 0.7974
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.367 0.143 0.9717
Item 3 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 5.53 (0.71) 5.08 (10.4) 0.152 0.213 0.9575
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 5.43 (10.3) 5.47 (0.80) 0.918 0.0198 0.9992
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.286 0.187 0.9236
Item 4 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 4.79 (1.07) 4.78 (1.24) 0.909 0.0157 1
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 5.14 (1.03) 5.06 (1.03) 0.725 0.0619 0.9964
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.547 0.1 0.9912
Item 5 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 5.35 (0.88) 5.09 (1.08) 0.375 0.129 0.9974
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 4.71 (1.74) 5.06 (1.43) 0.628 0.0864 0.9925
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.692 0.0678 0.9967
Item 6 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 5.62 (0.70) 5.30 (0.97) 0.216 0.192 0.9768
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 5.71 (0.56) 5.59 (0.71) 0.714 0.0773 0.9943
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.359 0.166 0.9513
Item 7 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 4.88 (0.98) 4.43 (1.34) 0.251 0.157 0.9927
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 4.29 (0.90) 4.35 (0.86) 0.86 0.0306 0.9988
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.753 0.0517 0.9981
Item 8 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 5.06 (1.37) 5.17 (1.11) 0.981 0.0036 1
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 4.29 (1.79) 4.06 (1.60) 0.567 0.095 0.9904
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.023 0.375 0.2722
Item 9 VR (n = 23), mean (SD) 5.09 (1.22) 5.13 (1.14) 0.987 0.0024 1
TAU (n = 17), mean (SD) 3.71 (1.79) 4.18 (1.51) 0.445 0.126 0.9778
VR vs TAU1 - - 0.04 0.339 0.4144
1

Virtual reality vs treatment as usual comparison at one-month.

VR: Virtual reality; TAU: Treatment as usual.