Table 1. Distribution of participant characteristics.
| Characteristics |
n (column%) / mean ± SD |
Statistical values* | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient group | Control group | Total | |||
| Age (years) | 6.578 | 0.087 | |||
| 40-44 | 23 (10.5) | 37 (15.2) | 60 (12.9) | ||
| 45-49 | 55 (25.0) | 43 (17.6) | 98 (21.1) | ||
| 50-54 | 59 (26.8) | 57 (23.4) | 116 (25.0) | ||
| ≥ 55 | 83 (37.7) | 107 (43.9) | 190 (40.9) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 52.4 ± 6.0 | 53.4 ± 7.3 | 52.9 ± 6.7 | -1.602 | 0.110 |
| Education | 11.489 | 0.001 | |||
| no formal education | 146 (66.4) | 124 (50.8) | 270 (58.2) | ||
| primary school or higher | 74 (33.6) | 120 (49.2) | 158 (41.8) | ||
| Marriage | 10.072 | 0.002 | |||
| married | 178 (81.3) | 222 (91.4) | 400 (86.6) | ||
| divorced/widowed, etc. | 41 (18.7) | 21 (8.6) | 62 (13.4) | ||
| Chronic disease | 0.003 | 0.954 | |||
| no | 82 (37.4) | 92(37.7) | 174 (37.6) | ||
| yes | 137 (62.6) | 152 (62.3) | 289 (62.4) | ||
| Sleep quality | 10.825 | 0.001 | |||
| good | 113 (51.4) | 162 (66.4) | 275 (59.3) | ||
| poor | 107 (48.6) | 82 (33.6) | 189 (40.7) | ||
| Appetite | 17.850 | < 0.001 | |||
| good | 139 (63.2) | 197 (80.7) | 336 (72.4) | ||
| poor | 81 (36.8) | 47 (19.3) | 128 (27.6) | ||
*A Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and the Chi-square value and p-value are reported. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for continuous variables that were normally distributed, and the Z score and p-value are reported.