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. 2024 Oct 24;17:349–367. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S475964

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© 2024 Ramirez et al.

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Main problems associated with pressure, abrasion, and decubitus phenomena exerted by the cuff and endotracheal tube over the laryngotracheal mucosa. 1-Pressure exerted by the cuff 2-Cough, hoarseness, aphonia, dysphonia 3-Dysphagia and swallowing difficulties 4-Vocal cord paralysis 5-Arytenoid dislocation 6-Kinking of reinforced endotracheal tube 7-Subglottic suction 8-Microaspiration of contaminated fluids 9-Laryngeal tracheal stenosis.