Table 3.
Adjusted mean differences in lipid and glycaemic indices across plant-based diets compared to a regular meat-eating diet
| Variable | Vegan (n = 48) | Lacto-ovo vegetarian (n = 47) | Pesco-vegetarian (n = 46) | Semi-vegetarian (n = 44) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | ||
| Lipid lipids | |||||||||
| TC (mmol/L) | -0.77 (-1.15, -0.39) | < 0.001* | -0.20 (-0.58, 0.17) | 0.282 | -0.12 (-0.50, 0.26) | 0.526 | -0.37 (-0.74, 0.00) | 0.052 | |
| TG (mmol/L) | -0.08 (-0.31, 0.14) | 0.462 | 0.07 (-0.12, 0.26) | 0.487 | -0.09 (-0.30, 0.13) | 0.435 | -0.01 (-0.20, 0.19) | 0.948 | |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | -0.71 (-1.05, -0.38) | < 0.001* | -0.23 (-0.56, 0.09) | 0.158 | -0.13 (-0.45, 0.19) | 0.439 | -0.41 (-0.74, -0.08) | 0.014 | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | -0.03 (-0.18, 0.12) | 0.693 | 0.02 (-0.12, 0.16) | 0.806 | 0.05 (-0.10, 0.20) | 0.517 | 0.04 (-0.10, 0.19) | 0.578 | |
| Non-HDL-C (mmol/L) | -0.75 (-1.11, -0.39) | < 0.001* | -0.20 (-0.54, 0.13) | 0.236 | -0.17 (-0.52, 0.19) | 0.356 | -0.40 (-0.76, -0.05) | 0.026 | |
| TC/HDL-C ratio (mmol/L) | -0.49 (-0.87, -0.11) | 0.012 | -0.13 (-0.43, 0.17) | 0.381 | -0.12 (-0.44, 0.19) | 0.448 | -0.13 (-0.52, 0.26) | 0.510 | |
| Glycaemic indices | |||||||||
| FBG (mmol/L) | -0.29 (-0.53, -0.06) | 0.014 | -0.34 (-0.56, -0.11) | 0.003 | -0.14 (-0.36, 0.09) | 0.232 | -0.21 (-0.48, 0.06) | 0.134 | |
| HbA1c (IFFC, mmol/mol) | -1.85 (-3.00, -0.71) | 0.002 | -0.40 (-1.51, 0.71) | 0.479 | -0.68 (-1.84, 0.48) | 0.249 | -0.60 (-1.63, 0.43) | 0.254 | |
| Insulin (mU/L) | -1.76 (-3.26, -0.26) | 0.021 | -0.47 (-2.00, 1.05) | 0.542 | -1.03 (-2.17, 0.11) | 0.078 | 0.09 (-1.36, 1.55) | 0.902 | |
Data is presented as β coefficients (95% CIs) and p-values. Multivariate regression analyses was used to adjust the model for age (years), sex (female, male), physical activity level (MET/week), total energy intake (kJ/day), duration of dietary pattern (years), alcohol intake (g), smoking status (yes, no), level of education (higher education yes, no), BMI (kg/m2) as a mediator and the addition of EPA/DHA supplement use (yes, no) for lipid lipids. Bold values indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05). P-values marked with an asterisk meet the Bonferroni corrected alpha (P = 0.001)
EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1C; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides