Table 1.
Patients demographic and clinical information.
| ID/sex | Age a , [years] | Epilepsy onset, years | MRI findings | Implantation side | Res. region | iEEG (SE + DE) | Spike prop. [no.] | Ripple prop. [no.] | FR prop. [no.] | Engel (f/u, [years]) | Sam. freq. [Hz] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/M † | 11 | 4 | Normal | R | Fr | 80 (SE) | 162 | 131 | 79 | IA (5) | 2000 |
| 2/M | 10 | 2 | Normal | L | IH, CG | 88 + 10 | 5 | 11 | 0 | IA (4) | 2000 |
| 3/F † | 7 | 3 | FCD (T and Ins) | L | Fr, T | 90 (DE) | 9 | 11 | 0 | IB (8) | 2048 |
| 4/F | 14 | 10 | Normal | L | T | 72 (SE) | 2 | 9 | 0 | IA (5) | 2000 |
| 5/M | 18 | 9 | Tumor (T) | L | T | 72 + 20 | 319 | 67 | 0 | IC (6) | 2000 |
| 6/F | 16 | 14.5 | FCD (T) | L | T, Hipp. | 96 + 10 | 52 | 38 | 0 | IA (8) | 2000 |
| 7/M † | 2 | 0.3 | TSC (multifocal) | R | Fr | 112 (SE) | 84 | 65 | 0 | IA (7) | 2000 |
| 8/F † | 9 | 4 | FCD (P) | R | P | 80 + 20 | 103 | 87 | 0 | IB (4) | 2000 |
| 9/M | 2 | 0 | FCD (CF) | L | Fr, P | 80 (SE) | 28 | 5 | 0 | IA (6) | 2000 |
| 10/M ¥ | 18 | 17 | Parahippocampal (L) | L | T | 64 (SE) | 1 | 1 | 0 | IA (2) | 2000 |
| 11/F | 18 | 15 | Normal | L | T | 88 (SE) | 2 | 24 | 0 | IA (7) | 2000 |
| 12/M | 15 | 12 | HS (AT) | L | T | 80 (SE) | 2 | 52 | 0 | IA (2) | 2000 |
| 13/F | 15 | 6 | FCD (mesial P) | L | Fr | 72 (SE) | 460 | 58 | 0 | IA (2) | 2048 |
| 14/M † | 5 | 0.17 | FCD (T) | L | T, O | 96 (SE) | 176 | 15 | 8 | IA (2) | 2000 |
| 15/F ¥ | 3 | 1.33 | TSC (multifocal) | L | Fr | 120 (SE) | 22 | 3 | 0 | IA (2) | 2000 |
| 16/M | 4 | 1 | FCD (Fr) | L | Fr | 56 + 10 | 10 | 13 | 0 | IC (6) | 2048 |
| 17/M † | 22 | 5 | FCD (CP) | L | Fr | 64 + 30 | 30 | 21 | 4 | IA (3) | 2048 |
| 18/F ¥ | 12 | 1.17 | Normal (pineal cyst) | L | Fr | 70 (DE) | 163 | 0 | 0 | IA (4) | 2000 |
| 19/M † | 10 | 7 | PMG (Fr, P) | L | Fr | 64 + 60 | 73 | 52 | 0 | IB (2) | 2000 |
| 20/M † | 4 | 2 | FCD (Fr) | R | Fr | 128 + 10 | 174 | 307 | 39 | IA (2) | 2048 |
| 21/F | 16 | 2 | FCD (L, Fr) | L | Fr | 72 + 40 | 1 | 32 | 0 | IA (1) | 2048 |
| 22/F | 6 | 3 | Lesion, CTH (P) | L | Fr, P | 80 + 20 | 5 | 28 | 0 | IA (1) | 2048 |
| 23/F † | 6 | 4 | PMG (P, T, O) | R | P, O | 196 (DE) | 118 | 117 | 23 | IA (1) | 2048 |
| 24/M | 14 | 5 | Normal | L | O, P, T | 236 (DE) | 8 | 57 | 0 | 1A (1) | 2048 |
| 25/M ¥ | 12 | 0.5 | FCD (L, Fr) | L | P, T | 72 + 24 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 1A (2) | 2048 |
| 26/M | 19 | 12 | Normal | L | Fr, T, P | 140 (SE) | 19 | 60 | 0 | IIA (1) | 1028 |
| 27/F † | 10 | 0.3 | HS (MeT, periventricular) | L | T | 140 (DE) | 63 | 31 | 25 | IVB (6) | 2048 |
| 28/M † | 6 | 2 | FCD (Fr) | L | Fr | 120 (SE) | 382 | 385 | 201 | IIIA (11) | 2000 |
| 29/M | 16 | 4 | Normal | L | T | 88 (SE) | 16 | 11 | 0 | IIB (2) | 2000 |
| 30/M | 16 | 4 | Normal (mild gliosis) | L | Fr | 88 (SE) | 985 | 1 | 0 | IIIA (5) | 2000 |
| 31/F | 5 | 0.5 | TSC (P, O) | L | O | 128 + 40 | 76 | 93 | 0 | IIIA (2) | 1024 |
| 32/F | 13 | 7 | Normal | R | Fr | 112 + 10 | 4 | 15 | 0 | III (1) | 2000 |
| 33/M | 17 | 1.5 | Glioma (PO junction) | R | O, P, T | 128 (SE) | 1 | 21 | 0 | IIIA (4) | 1000 |
| 34/F | 18 | 4 | FCD (Fr) | L | Fr | 144 + 10 | 96 | 15 | 0 | IIA (1) | 1028 |
| 35/M † | 13 | 8 | Encephalomalacia (LP, SUP T Lobe) | L | Fr, P | 64 + 30 | 142 | 51 | 0 | IIB (1) | 2000 |
| 36/M | 13 | 7 | FCD (T) | L | Fr, T | 112 + 10 | 2 | 7 | 0 | IIIA (6) | 2048 |
| 37/M | 13 | 0 | Infarct (MCA territory) | L | Fr, T | 136 (SE) | 440 | 279 | 0 | IIA (3) | 1024 |
| 38/M | 18 | 5 | FCD (SUP Fr gyr.) | L | Insula | 212 (DE) | 40 | 10 | 0 | IIIA (6) | 2048 |
| 39 /F ¥ | 22 | 14 | Trauma | R | F, T | 120 (SE) | 51 | 8 | 0 | IIB (5) | 2000 |
| 40/F ¥ | 7 | 4 | FCD (Fr operculum) | R | Fr | 72 + 40 | 0 | 25 | 0 | IIA (3) | 1000 |
| 41/M | 10 | 5 | Normal | L | Fr | 96 + 10 | 117 | 13 | 0 | III (1) | 2048 |
A, anterior; CG, cingulate gyrus; CTH: cortical thinning; DE, depth electrodes; F, female; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; Fr, frontal; gyr., gyrus; HS, hippocampal sclerosis; L, left; M, male; Me, mesial, O, occipital; P, parietal; PMG, polymicrogyria; Prop., propagation; R, right; Res., resected; SE, subdural electrodes; Sam. Freq., sampling frequency; SUP, superior; T, temporal; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex.
a
Age = age at epilepsy surgery.
¥
Patient with no overlap in onsets of spike and ripple propagations.
†
Patient has fast ripples.