Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects with and without diabetes
| Non-diabetes | Diabetes | Standardized difference (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No of subjects | 15,080 | 373 | |
| Sex | 49 (39, 59) | ||
| Women | 6947 (46.07%) | 87 (23.32%) | |
| Men | 8133 (53.93%) | 286 (76.68%) | |
| Age, years | 42.00 (37.00–50.00) | 46.00 (41.00–53.00) | 40 (30, 51) |
| Weight, kg | 60.41 (11.48) | 69.84 (13.32) | 76 (66, 86) |
| Height, cm | 1.65 (0.08) | 1.67 (0.09) 1.68 | 19 (9, 29) |
| WHtR | 0.46 (0.05) | 0.51 (0.06) | 90 (80, 100) |
| WC, cm | 76.25 (8.97) | 85.08 (10.20) | 92 (82, 102) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.04 (3.07) | 25.03 (3.82) | 86 (76, 97) |
| ALT, U/L | 17.00 (13.00–23.00) | 24.00 (18.00–39.00) | 67 (56, 77) |
| AST, U/L | 17.00 (14.00–21.00) | 20.00 (16.00–26.00) | 44 (34, 55) |
| GGT, U/L | 15.00 (11.00–22.00) | 24.00 (17.00–36.00) | 47 (37, 58) |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.12 (0.86) | 5.43 (0.90) | 35 (25, 46) |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.72 (0.49–1.11) | 1.21 (0.86–1.93) | 73 (62, 83) |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.47 (0.40) | 1.19 (0.33) | 77 (66, 87) |
| LDL-C. mmol/L | 3.15 (2.63–3.69) | 3.63 (3.09–4.14) | 60 (50, 70) |
| Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 3.59 (3.00-4.23) | 4.20 (3.57–4.82) | 65 (55, 75) |
| RC, mmol/L | 0.44 (0.36–0.53) | 0.55 (0.46–0.67) | 80 (70, 91) |
| TC/HDL-C ratio | 3.50 (2.86–4.39) | 4.71 (3.86–5.78) | 87 (77, 97) |
| TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.50 (0.30–0.89) | 1.09 (0.64–1.93) | 74 (63, 84) |
| LDL/HDL-C ratio | 2.19 (1.64–2.96) | 3.19 (2.50–4.11) | 86 (75, 96) |
| Non-HDL/HDL-C ratio | 2.50 (1.86–3.39) | 3.71 (2.86–4.78) | 87 (77, 97) |
| RC/HDL-C | 0.30 (0.22–0.43) | 0.48 (0.36–0.66) | 88 (78, 98) |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.15 (0.41) | 5.61 (0.36) | 121 (111, 132) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.16 (0.32) | 5.53 (0.37) | 107 (97, 118) |
| SBP, mmHg | 114.31 (14.91) | 122.03 (15.59) | 51 (40, 61) |
| DBP, mmHg | 71.44 (10.47) | 77.18 (10.23) | 55 (45, 66) |
| Habit of exercise | 2655 (17.61%) | 51 (13.67%) | 11 (1, 21) |
| Fatty liver | 2514 (16.67%) | 223 (59.79%) | 99 (89, 109) |
| Drinking status | 21 (11, 31) | ||
| no or little | 11,536 (76.50%) | 266 (71.31%) | |
| light | 1714 (11.37%) | 40 (10.72%) | |
| moderate | 1320 (8.75%) | 37 (9.92%) | |
| heavy | 510 (3.38%) | 30 (8.04%) | |
| Smoking status | 45 (35, 55) | ||
| non | 8882 (58.90%) | 145 (38.87%) | |
| former | 2872 (19.05%) | 77 (20.64%) | |
| current | 3326 (22.06%) | 151 (40.48%) |
Values were expressed as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) or n (%)
Abbreviations: WHtR: waist-to-height ratio; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL-C: non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RC: remnant cholesterol; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure