Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| No. | study | Country | Sample size (EXP/CON) |
Age(year) (EXP/CON) |
Baseline LVEF (%)(EXP/CON) | Intervention | Control | Intervention duration | Outcomes | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Permanetter et al. (1992) | Germany | 15/10 | 52 ± 9 | NR | CoQ10(33.3 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 4months | ④ | NR |
| 2 | Morisco et al. (1993) | Denmark | 319/322 |
26∽89/ 30∽88 |
NR | coenzyme Q10 50 mg twice or 3 times daily + conventional therapy | Placebo + conventional therapy | 12months | ①② | NR |
| 3 | Morisco et al. (1994) | Italy | 6/6 | 49.8 ± 6.7 | 29 ± 11 | CoQ10(50 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | Placebo + conventional therapy | 1month | ③⑥ | 12months |
| 4 | Hofman-Bang et al. (1995) | Denmark | 79/79 | 61 ± 10 | 22 ± 10 | CoQ10(100 mg, 1 time/day) + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 3months | ①③⑥ | 6months |
| 5 | Li & Li (1999) | China | 56/68 | NR | NR | CoQ10(10∽20mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 1month | ⑦ | 12months |
| 6 | Munkholm et al. (1999) | Denmark | 11/11 |
43∽73/ 39∽75 |
31 ± 5/ 26 ± 6 |
oral coenzyme Q10 100 mg twice daily + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 3months | ①③ | NR |
| 7 | Watson et al. (1999) | Australia | 30/30 | 55 ± 11 | 26 ± 6 | CoQ10(33 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 3months | ③ | NR |
| 8 | Khatta et al. (2000) | America | 28/27 | 67 | 27/30 | oral coenzyme Q10 200 mg/day + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 1months | ①③ | 6months |
| 9 | Keogh et al. (2003) | Australia | 79/79 | 62 ± 7/61 ± 9 | NR | oral coenzyme Q10 150 mg/day + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 3months | ④⑥ | 3months |
| 10 | Belardinelli et al. (2006) | Italy | 21/21 | 59 ± 9 | 37 ± 7 | CoQ10(100 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 1month | ③ | NR |
| 11 | Adarsh et al. (2008) | India | 46/41 | 24.4∽77.5 | NR | CoQ10(100 mg, 2 times/day) + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 14.5months | ① | 27.5months |
| 12 | Feng et al. (2010) | China | 109/92 |
69 ± 7/ 68 ± 9 |
30.7 ± 6.3/ 31.2 ± 5.8 |
CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 24months | ①③⑥ | 24months |
| 13 | Pei et al. (2010) | China | 62/66 | 62.47 ± 6.48 | 36 ± 4 | CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 12months | ①③ | 12months |
| 14 | Bi (2012) | China | 27/27 | 49.5 ± 12.5 |
25.77 ± 12.59/ 26.33 ± 10.43 |
CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 3weeks | ③④ | NR |
| 15 | Yao et al. (2012) | China | 50/50 | 62 ± 8/61 ± 9 | 36 ± 8 | CoQ10(100 mg, 1 time/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 3months | ③④⑥ | NR |
| 16 | Yang(2013) | China | 100/100 | 68.4 ± 13.85 | NR | CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 2months | ① | 12months |
| 17 | Mortensen et al. (2014) | Multicenter | 202/218 |
62.3 ± 12/ 62.3 ± 11 |
31 ± 10 | oral coenzyme Q10 100 mg 3 times daily + conventional therapy | placebo with standard HF therapy | 26.5months | ①②③⑦ | NR |
| 18 | Wu (2014) | China | 35/35 |
84.5 ± 12.2/ 86.6 ± 14.3 |
NR | CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | Placebo + conventional therapy | 2months | ①⑦ | NR |
| 19 | Zhao et al. (2015) | China | 62/66 | 63 ± 7/62 ± 6 | 36 ± 4 | oral coenzyme Q10 30 mg/day + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 12months | ①③ | NR |
| 20 | Ping et al. (2015) | China | 61/61 | 58.3 ± 4.7 |
36.82 ± 8.53/ 37.19 ± 7.96 |
CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 3months | ③⑥ | NR |
| 21 | Zhang (2015) | China | 28/28 |
65.4 ± 10.4/ 63.1 ± 10.2 |
NR | CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 6months | ⑥⑦ | NR |
| 22 | Zhang (2016) | China | 30/30 | 38∽83 |
29 ± 7/ 31 ± 8 |
CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 3months | ②③④⑥ | NR |
| 23 | Mareev (2017) | Russia | 101/47 | NR | 39.3 | coenzyme Q10 nasal drops (90 mg/day = equivalent 225 mg/day for liposoluble tablets) + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 6months | ③⑤ | NR |
| 24 | Sobirin et al. (2019) | Indonesia | 15/15 | 62 ± 8 | 55/58 | oral coenzyme Q10 100 mg 3 times/day + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 1month | ③ | 14months |
| 25 | Gan & Hu (2019) | China | 30/30 |
57.5 ± 6.1/ 58.4 ± 6.7 |
35.1 ± 4.0/ 34.5 ± 3.9 |
CoQ10(30 mg, 1 time/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 12months | ③ | NR |
| 26 | Jiang (2019) | China | 100/100 |
61.9 ± 5.6/ 61.3 ± 5.9 |
32.78 ± 3.40/ 33.58 ± 3.76 |
CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 1month | ③⑥⑦ | NR |
| 27 | Wu et al. (2019) | China | 34/33 |
55.28 ± 12.53/ 55.12 ± 12.12 |
31.86 ± 6.53/ 31.86 ± 6.38 |
CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 2months | ③⑥⑦ | NR |
| 28 | Kawashima et al. (2020) | Japan | 10/10 | 70 ± 9 | 34.5 ± 4.0 | ubiquinol 200 mg twice daily (400 mg/day) + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 3months | ③⑤⑦ | 3months |
| 29 | Liu (2020) | China | 59/59 |
58.67 ± 7.28/ 58.43 ± 7.55 |
33.47 ± 3.82/ 32.67 ± 3.59 |
CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 1month | ③⑥⑦ | NR |
| 30 | Wan et al. (2021) | China | 30/30 |
63.52 ± 3.76/ 63.41 ± 3.70 |
38.25 ± 3.19 | CoQ10(20 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 1.5months | ③⑥⑦ | NR |
| 31 | Zheng et al. (2021) | China | 44/34 |
62.0 ± 3.9/ 62.8 ± 3.5 |
29 | CoQ10(10 mg, 3 times/day) + conventional therapy | conventional therapy alone | 3months | ③ | NR |
| 32 | Samuel et al. (2022) | Israel | 19/20 | 75.4 ± 9.48 |
59.1 ± 6.1/ 59.3 ± 6.1 |
Treatment in the CoQ10 arm consisted of 100 mg three times daily + conventional therapy | placebo + conventional therapy | 4months | ③ | 4months |
Note EXP, Experimental group; CON, Control group; NR, Not report; ①All-cause mortality; ②Hospitalization for heart failure; ③LVEF (%); ④NYHA classification; ⑤BNP (pg/mL); ⑥6MWT; ⑦Adverse events