Overproduction of σ54 in the hp0958:aphA3 mutant restores motility and FlaB synthesis. (A) The motilities of H. pylori 43504 (wild type), an hp0958:aphA3 mutant, and an hp0958:aphA3 mutant in which σ54 was overproduced from the ureA promoter were assessed in semisolid agar. (B) H. pylori strains (∼108 cells) were analyzed by Western blotting for FlaB (indicated by arrow). Lane 1, H. pylori 43504; lane 2, hp0958:aphA3 mutant; lane 3, hp0958:aphA3 mutant bearing a PureA-rpoN allele in the hp0405 locus (hp0958:aphA3/hp0405:PureA-rpoN).