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Conjugal transfer of plasmid pAMβ1 among L. lactis strains. A: JK2301β transferred the plasmid pAMβ1 to the recipient HL01Te at a frequency of 10−8 transconjugants/donor CFU. B: Conjugation between JK2301β and the clumping strain HW002 generated the clumping, Lac+ Emr transconjugants (HW401-like) at a frequency of 10−2 transconjugants/donor CFU. C: HW401 transferred pAMβ1 to HL01Te at a frequency of 10−4 transconjugants/donor CFU.
