Table 2.
Case Reports of Cytokine Release Syndrome Related to Ipilimumab and Nivolumab Combination Therapy.
| Reference | Age | Sex | Cancer type | Other irAEs | Steroids before CRS | Time from last ICI administration to CRS onset | Trigger |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (7) | 64 | Female | Lung | Skin rash | PSL 20 mg | 67 days | |
| (8) | 46 | Female | Renal | Interstitial pneumonia | PSL70 mg | 20 days | Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
| (9) | 70 | Male | Renal | Skin rash | PSL 30 mg | 15 days | Dermatomyositis |
| (10) | 55 | Male | Lung | Skin rash, adrenal insufficiency | HC 20 mg | 10 days | mRNA vaccination |
| (11) | 70 | Male | Lung | Isolated ACTH deficiency | 4 days | COVID-19 infection | |
| (12) | 58 | Female | Skin | 6 days | |||
| Our case | 62 | Female | Renal | Liver abnormalities | PSL 30 mg | 43 days | Upper respiratory tract infection |
CRS: cytokine release syndrome, irAEs: immune-related adverse events, ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor, PSL: prednisolone, HC: hydrocortisone, COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone