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. 2024 Oct 28;12(10):E1220–E1229. doi: 10.1055/a-2406-7492

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients treated for active bleeding.

EFTR, endoscopic full-thickness resection; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; SD, standard deviation; WOPN, wall-off pancreatic necrosis.
Number of patients 91
Sex (n,%) Male 62 (68.1)
Female 29 (31.9)
Age (mean, SD) 68.7 ± 14
Comorbidities (n,%) None 18 (19.8)
Cardiovascular 55 (60.4)
Diabetes 21 (23.1)
Renal disease 12 (13.2)
Liver disease 6 (6.6)
Antithrombotic therapy (n,%) Antiplatelet 18 (19.8)
Anticoagulant 18 (19.8)
Both 3 (3.3)
Bleeding location (n,%) Upper location 62 (68.2)

  • Esophagus 6 (6.6)

  • Stomach 17 (18.7)

  • Duodenum 21 (23.1)

  • Ampulla 18 (19.8)
Lower location 26 (28.6)

  • Cecum 5 (5.5)

  • Right colon 6 (6.6)

  • Left colon 4 (4.4)

  • Rectum 11 (12.1)

Biliopancreatic 2 (2.2)
Ileum 1 (1.1)
Cause of bleeding (n,%) Iatrogenic 45 (49.5)

  • Endoscopic intraprocedural 39 (42.9)

  • ERCP 15 (16.5)

  • EMR 13 (14.3)

  • Gastric EMR 1 (1.1)

  • Duodenal EMR 1 (1.1)

  • Cecal EMR 2 (2.2)

  • Right colon EMR 5 (5.5)

  • Left colon EMR 2 (2.2)

  • Rectal EMR 2 (2.2)

  • ESD 4 (4.4)

  • Gastric ESD 1 (1.1)

  • Rectal ESD 3 (3.3)

  • Papillectomy 3 (3.3)

  • Duodenal EFTR 2 (2.2)

  • WOPN drainage 1 (1.1)

  • Intrahepatic lithotripsy 1 (1.1)

  • Postsurgical 5 (5.5)

  • Post PEG placement 1 (1.1)
Ulcer 28 (30.8)

  • Esophageal ulcer 4 (4.4)

  • Gastric ulcer 11 (12.1)

  • Duodenal ulcer 9 (9.9)

  • Rectal ulcer 4 (4.4)
Angiodysplasia 11 (12.1)
Mass lesion 3 (3.3)
Mallory-Weiss tear 1 (1.1)
Radiation proctopathy 1 (1.1)
Diverticular bleeding 1 (1.1)
Duodenal necrosis 1 (1.1)
Bleeding severity (n,%) Mild 34 (37.4)
Moderate 52 (57.1)
Severe 5 (5.5)