Growth at 37°C in minimal medium supplemented with 0.5% galactose of E. coli mutants with or without vectors containing A. ferrooxidans genes. □, wild-type E. coli DH5α; ▪, mutant E. coli strain CSH41 (lacking galE), JW1091 (lacking pgm), FF4001 (lacking galU), orS491(galT); ♦, CSH41 (lacking galE) with pgalE-1; X, JW1091 (lacking pgm) with ppgm-1; ▴, FF4001 (lacking galU) with pgalU-1; and ○, S491 (lacking galT) with pgalT-1.