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. 2024 Oct 15;3(10):pgae464. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae464

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Academy of Sciences.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1. — A potential evolutionary trap for the extended phenotype of a nematomorph parasite and related photos. A) Conceptual diagram of the hypothesis for the evolutionary trap. B–D) Color photos and (E–G) polarization images are shown for the representative perennial water body (B, E), intermittent water body (C, F), and asphalt road (D, G). In a color chart (bottom middle) synthesized using the angle of polarization (AOP, left bar) and DOP (right bar), the color indicates the AOP direction, and brightness indicates the DOP. The polarization images were taken at the Brewster’s angle (∼38° from the horizontal). H) A photo of a mantid jumping into the water. I) A photo of a mantid walking on the asphalt road.