Fig. 2.

Comparative model of non-selective autophagy and selective autophagy. (A) Non-selective autophagy allows cells to survive through nutrient starvation until the next nutrient source is available. Once cells sense lack of nutrient, an isolation membrane is mostly formed at ER-mitochondria contact sites, LC3-II labelled membranes elongate as they engulf materials and eventually closes to form autophagosomes. Autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to degrade their contents. (B) In selective autophagy, many cargoes are ubiquitinated and specifically recognized by receptors, which does not happen in non-selective autophagy.