Table 1.
Qualitative description of studies reporting growth-related effects of experimental diets on juvenile zebrafish
| Author | Age at the start of study to end of study (dpf (or months if specified)) | Sex (male:female) | Strain | Initial weight (mg ± s.e.m.) | Initial length (mm ± s.e.m.) | Number of fish per experimental replicate | Tank density per liter | Diet(s) pre-experiment | Experimental diet(s) | Feeding regimen | Housing conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barca et al.22 | 60–102 | N/A | AB | 43.6 ± 22.96 | N/A | 80 | 5.7 | N/A | D1: 50% FM; D2: 17% insect meal + 33% FM; D3: 33% insect meal + 17% FM; D4: 50% insect meal | Ad libitum according to ‘five-minute rule’ for 42 days. Feed was 400–600 μm PS | Water temperature: 28 ± 0.5 °C; pH: 7.2–7.8; electrical conductivity: 600 and 800 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen: >5 mg/l; ammonia: <1 mg/l; nitrites: <0.25 mg/l; nitrates: <50 mg/l; photoperiod: 12:12 L:D; water flow: 2 l/h |
| Fredrickson et al.38 | 29–91 (growth at 72) | 1:1 | EK | N/A | 15.31 ± 0.5 | 572 | 10.66 | 5–9 dpf: type-L saltwater rotifers; 10–28 dpf: brine shrimp 2/day + larval AP100 1/day + Hatchfry Encapsulon 3 1/day | D1: Ocean Star International flake food + freeze-dried krill 3:1; D2: GM300 + brine shrimp | D1: 2/day + 2/day brine shrimp (0.2 g/10 fish); D2: 1/day (10 mg/10 fish) + brine shrimp (0.2 g/10 fish) | Water temperature: 26.7 °C; pH: 7.0; electrical conductivity: 1,000 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen: 7.30 mg/l; photoperiod: 14:10 L:D |
| Fronte et al.34 | 60–109 | N/A | AB | 85.3 ± 25.58 | N/A | 60 | N/A | 4/day with commercial feed + brine shrimp until satiation following the ‘five-minute rule’ | D1: 20% FM; D2: 5% HIM + 15% FM; D3: 10% HIM + 10% FM; D4: 20% HIM | 4/day to satiation for 49 days | Water temperature: 28 ± 0.5 °C; electrical conductivity: 600–800 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen: >7 mg/l; ammonia: 1 mg/l; nitrite: 0.25 mg/l; nitrate: 50 mg/l; photoperiod: 12:12 L:D |
| Lanes et al.35 | 30–90 | N/A | OtherA | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 100 | 6.25 | N/A | D1: 50% FM; D2: defatted V instar larvae meal; D3: defatted prepupae meal | 3/day ad libitum for 60 days; days 1–5: <150 μm PS; days 16–35: 150–250 μm PS; days 36+: 300–400 μm | Water temperature: 27 ± 0.3 °C; pH: 8.1 ± 0.1; dissolved oxygen: 6.4 ± 0.12 mg/l; photoperiod: 12:12 L:D |
| Samuel et al.27 | Uniform-sized adult | N/A | OtherB | N/A | N/A | 10–12 | N/A | N/A | D1: soybean-based diet; D2: FM; D3: probiotic-based diet; D4: combination; D5: crude protein | 1/day 4% BW for 30 days | N/A |
| Vural et al.31 | 2 months | 1:1 | OtherB | 350 ± 150 | N/A | 50 | N/A | N/A | D1: casein; D2: 0.10% RJ; D3: 0.40% RJ; D4: 1.60% RJ; D5: 6.40% RJ | 4/day at 5% BW for 56 days. Feed size between 1 and 2 mm diameter | Water temperature: 26 ± 1 °C; pH: 7.3 ± 0.3; dissolved oxygen: 9 ± 0.5 mg/l; photoperiod: 14:10 L:D |
| Carneiro et al.23 | 30–90 | 1:1 | OtherC | 163 ± 2.9 | N/A | 75 | 5 | 2/day for 2 weeks with flocculated commercial feed | D1: 50% FM; D2: 40% FM, 10% CS; D3: 30% FM, 20% CS; D4: 20% FM, 30% CS; D5: 10% FM, 40% CS; D6: 50% CS | 3/day until satiation for 60 days. Feeds were sieved through 0.3 mm sieve and mixed using 4–6 mm extruders | Water temperature: 27.8 ± 0.6 °C; pH: 7.4 ± 0.3; dissolved oxygen: 7.9 ± 0.5 mg/l; ammonia: 0.09 ± 0.05 mg/l; photoperiod: 14:10 L:D |
| da Silva et al.24 | 50–105 | 1:0 | N/A | 290 ± 40 | 30.67 ± 0.71 | 60 | 1.2 | N/A | D1: SPI; D2: 3% FO + 0.5% CLEO; D3: 3% FO + 1% CLEO; D4: 6% FO + 0.5% CLEO; D5: 6% FO + 1% CLEO; D6: 9% FO + 0.5% CLEO; D7: 9% FO + 1% CLEO | 4/day until satiation for 55 days. Feed size was 1 mm in diameter | Water temperature: 26.23 ± 0.54 °C; pH: 7.3 ± 0.01; dissolved oxygen: 6.6 ± 0.32 mg/l |
| Dhanasiri et al.30 | 4 months | 1:1 | AB | 214 | N/A | 32 | 4.57 | Live feed first + commercial feed | D1: 79.4% FM; D2: pea protein concentrate + FM; D3: WG + FM; D4: SPC + FM | 2/day 2.5% (w/w) of BW for 46 days | Water temperature: 28 ± 0.5 °C; pH 7.5; electrical conductivity: 1,500 μS/cm; photoperiod: 12:12 L:D |
| Sevgİlİ et al.29 | 35 | N/A | OtherD | 88.61 ± 0.82 | N/A | 90 | 3 | Acclimated diet of commercial rainbow trout | D1: 19.87 FM; D2: 26.49 FM; D3: 30.90 FM; D4: 37.51 FM; D5: 41.92 FM; D5: 48.54 FM; D6: 52.95 FM; D7: 59.56 FM | Ad libitum 2/day for 4–6 weeks. Feed was extruded into 2 mm PS | Water temperature: 24.87 ± 0.49 °C; pH: 8.52 ± 0.06; dissolved oxygen: 7.65 ± 0.06 mg/l; ammonia: <0.02 mg/l; nitrites: 0.013 ± 0.003 mg/l; photoperiod: 13–14:11–10 L:D |
| Fernandes et al.26 | 54 | N/A | OtherB | 53.6 | 17.8 | 20 | 18 | Brine shrimp up to 30 dpf + TetraMin flake feed 30–54 dpf | D1: 15% FM; D2: 20% FM; D3: 25% FM; D4: 30% FM; D5: 35% FM; D6: 40% FM; D7: 45% FM; D8: 50% FM; D9: 55% FM; D10: 60% FM | Fed to satiation 2/day 6 days/week for 8 weeks. Feed was between 400 and 600 μm PS or 600 and 1,000 μm PS | Water temperature: 28 °C ± 1 °C, pH: 8.2, photoperiod: 14:10 L:D |
| Karga & Mandal36 | 2 months | 1:1 | N/A | 249 ± 4 | N/A | 60 | 2.5 | N/A | D1: zooplankton; D2: 35% FM; D3: 40% FM; D4: 45% FM | 4% BW for 90 days, then 3% BW for 210 days. Feed was sieved through 0.1–0.3 mm for small PS | Water temperature: 27–28 °C; pH: 6.8–7.4, dissolved oxygen: 6–8 mg/l; ammonia: 0.01–0.6 mg/l; photoperiod: 12:12 L:D |
| Smith et al.28 | 28 | N/A | AB | N/A | 15.7 ± 0.21 | 50 | 5.5 | 5–28 dpf: Brachionus plicatilis rotifer ad libitum enriched with Nannochloropsis 3/day | D1: FPH; D2: casein; D3: SPI; D4: WG; D5: mix (FPH, casein, SPI, WG) | 3/day at 5% BW for 16 weeks. All feed provided as a power with PS 250–500 μm | Water temperature: 28 °C; pH: 7.4; electrical conductivity: 1,500 μS/cm |
| Lawrence et al.25 | 30–191 | 1:1 | AB | 70 ± 10 | 19.2 ± 0.6 | 140 | 11 | 5–9 dpf Tyle L saltwater rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) ad libitum 10–30 dpf brine shrimp 3/day to satiation | D1: Art.; D2: GM300 1; D3: GM300 2; D4: GM300 3; D5: GM300 4 | D1: to satiation 3/day; D2: 5% BW 1/day; D3: 1.65% BW 3/day; D4: 1% BW 5/day; D5: 5% BW 1/2 days; for 161 days | Water temperature: 26.69 ± 0.10 °C; pH: 7.26 ± 0.02; electrical conductivity: 1,291.69 μS; dissolved oxygen: 7.9 ± 0.16 mg/l; nitrites: 0.02 ± 0.001 mg/l; nitrates: 2.79 ± 0.22 mg/l |
BW, body weight; CS, Chlorella spirulina; D(…), diet(number); FPH, fish protein hydrosylate; HIM, Hermetia illucens meal; L:D, light:dark; N/A, not applicable; OtherA, external supplier; OtherB, pet-store zebrafish; OtherC, short-fin zebrafish; OtherD, defined by authors as pink-type; PS, particle size; RJ, Royal Jelly; SPC, soy protein concentrate; SPI, soy protein isolate; WG, wheat gluten.