TABLE 1.
Species of birds tested for WNV
| Order | No. of birds
|
% Agreementb | Speciesa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Submitted | Positive by:
|
Equivocal by IHC | ||||
| VI | IHC | |||||
| Anseriformes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos |
| Apodiformes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Hummingbird, unspecified | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris | |
| Caprimulgiformes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Nightjar, unspecified | |
| Charadriiformes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | American woodcock, Scolopax minor |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia | |
| Ciconiformes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Black vulture, Coragyps atratus | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Great egret, Ardea alba | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Night heron, unspecified | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura | |
| Columbiformes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Dove, unspecified |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto | |
| 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura | |
| 20 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 75 | Rock dove, Columba livia | |
| Cuculiformes | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus |
| Falconiformes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | American kestrel, Falco sparverius |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus | |
| 27 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii | |
| 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Osprey, Pandion haliaetus | |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus | |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis | |
| 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus | |
| Galliformes | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Domestic chicken, Gallus gallus |
| Gruiformes | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | American coot, Fulica americana |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | King rail, Rallus elegans | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Sora, Porzana carolina | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Virginia rail, Rallus limicola | |
| Passeriformes | 240 | 130 | 123 | 2 | 93 | American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | American goldfinch, Carduelis tristis | |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | American robin, Turdus migratorius | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Bachman's sparrow, Aimophila aestivalis | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Blackbird, unspecified | |
| 420 | 165 | 147 | 9 | 93 | Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata | |
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Boat-tailed grackle, Quiscalus major | |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater | |
| 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 94 | Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina | |
| 26 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 96 | Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula | |
| 17 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 88 | Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas | |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus | |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | European starling, Sturnus vulgaris | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Flycatcher, unspecified | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Grackle, unspecified | |
| 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus | |
| 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Hooded warbler, Wilsonia citrina | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | House sparrow, Passer domesticus | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | House wren, Troglodytes aedon | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea | |
| 12 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 92 | Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis | |
| 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 93 | Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottus | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Northern water-thrush, Seiurus noveboracensis | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus | |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Swallow, unspecified | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Thrush, unspecified | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Tufted titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Winter wren, Troglodytes troglodytes | |
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Yellow-rumped warbler, Dendroica coronata | |
| Piciformes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Red-bellied woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus | |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius | |
| Psittaciformes | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Parakeet, unspecified |
| Strigiformes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Barn owl, Tyto alba |
| 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 88 | Barred owl, Strix varia | |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Eastern screech-owl, Otus asio | |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 100 | Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus | |
| Total | 1,057 | 311 | 285 | 18 | ||
a
Species positive for WNV by either IHC or VI are indicated by boldface.
b
Total no. of cases in agreement/total no. of cases = 95% (Cases with equivocal IHC results were excluded from the total no. of cases).