Table 2.
Sugar contents of honey samples from different sources.
| Sugar | Sources of honey samples (mean ± SD) | X | LSD | p value | Standard | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMMH | AMFH | MBH | Codex Alimentarius A. mellifera | EU Council A. mellifera | Ethiopia A. mellifera | ||||
| Fructose (%) | 38.8a ± 2.6 | 38.6a ± 0.5 | 19.6b ± 2.4 | 32.35 | 1.93 | < 0.0001 | — | — | — |
| Glucose (%) | 30.8b ± 3.37 | 33.5a ± 1.54 | 18.2c ± 1.62 | 27.54 | 2.14 | < 0.0001 | — | — | — |
| Maltose (%) | 0.7b ± 0.1 | 2.6a ± 0.7 | 3.0a ± 1.0 | 2.11 | 0.64 | < 0.0001 | — | — | — |
| RS (%) | 70b ±3.0 | 75a ± 2.5 | 41c ± 5.0 | 61.82 | 2.90 | < 0.0001 | ≥ 60 | ≥ 60 | ≥ 60 |
| Sucrose (%) | 1.03a ± 0.50 | 0.26ab ± 0.32 | 0.18b ± 0.13 | 0.49 | 0.81 | 0.08 | ≤ 5 | ≤ 5 | ≤ 5 |
Note: Means with different superscript letters (a, b, c) within the rows are statistically different at p ≤ 0.05. AMFH = A. mellifera fresh honey directly collected from hives, AMMH = A. mellifera honey collected from the local markets, LSD = least significant difference at alpha = 0.05, MBH = M. beccarii honey collected from markets, RS (%) = percent of reducing sugar in honey, X = overall mean.
Abbreviations: Fru = fructose, Glu = glucose, Mal = maltose, SD = standard deviation.