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. 2024 Aug 23;124(11):3175–3190. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05578-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Schematic outlining a focused viewpoint of how changes in acid–base balance and strong ions mechanistically underpin performance benefits for repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise following SB ingestion. Top section: exercise-induced disruptions to acid–base balance and strong ion difference. Bottom section: physiological changes (shown in bold) following SB ingestion that contribute towards improvements in performance. (Schematic created in BioRender.com)