Table 3.
Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and inflammatory markers
| Inflammatory markers | Crudea | Adjustedb | Interaction with agec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | β (95% CI) | N | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Adiponectin | 1266 | 0.13 (0.09; 0.16) | 1150 | 0.11 (0.07; 0.16) | 0.01 (0.0002; 0.02) |
| Leptin | 1541 | − 0.06 (− 0.09; –0.02) | 1430 | − 0.02 (− 0.06; 0.01) | − 0.01 (− 0.02; 0.01) |
| Ghrelin | 1221 | − 0.01 (− 0.04; 0.02) | 1119 | 0.00 (− 0.03; 0.04) | 0.01 (− 0.01; 0.02) |
| CRP | 1530 | − 0.02 (− 0.05; 0.01) | 1426 | − 0.01 (− 0.05; 0.02) | − 0.01 (− 0.02; − 0.001) |
| IL-1Ra | 1503 | 0.00 (− 0.03; 0.03) | 1393 | 0.03 (− 0.01; 0.06) | − 0.001 (− 0.01; 0.01) |
| IL-6 | 1488 | − 0.01 (− 0.05; 0.03) | 1380 | 0.00 (− 0.06; 0.05) | 0.01 (− 0.01; 0.03) |
| IL-8 | 1505 | 0.02 (0.00; 0.04) | 1396 | 0.00 (− 0.02; 0.02) | − 0.002 (− 0.01; 0.01) |
| IL-15 | 1505 | 0.02 (− 0.01; 0.05) | 1396 | 0.02 (− 0.02; 0.06) | 0.002 (− 0.01; 0.01) |
| IP-10 | 1505 | − 0.02 (− 0.05; 0.01) | 1396 | 0.02 (− 0.02; 0.06) | − 0.0003 (− 0.01; 0.01) |
| TNF-α | 1505 | 0.05 (0.01; 0.08) | 1396 | 0.04 (0.00; 0.08) | − 0.001 (− 0.01; 0.01) |
| Inflammation score | 903 | − 0.28 (− 0.42; − 0.15) | 810 | − 0.24 (− 0.40; − 0.08) | − 0.05 (− 0.10; 0.01) |
Inflammation score = sum of z‐scores of proinflammatory markers (CRP, leptin, TNF-α, IP‐10, IL‐8, IL‐6) − sum of z‐scores of anti‐inflammatory markers (IL‐1Ra, IL‐15, adiponectin, ghrelin). The ß coefficient represents the ß unit change in the z-score of inflammatory markers per 12.5 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D. Associations at p < 0.05 are shown in bold. Associations after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.005) are shown in bold and italics
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; IL-1Ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IP-10, interferon gamma inducible protein; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
aCrude model is adjusted for age and sex with age as a random slope
bAdjusted model is additionally adjusted for study region, lifetime smoking and alcohol status, membership in sports club, screen time/week, BMI, month of blood sample collection and parental education status
cp-value of adjusted model for interaction with age