Figure 1.

Long-term olanzapine-treated CO showed a more mature cortical-like structure

(A) The flow chart of CO induction and timeline of olanzapine treatment (B) Phase contrast microscopy showing the somatotype of COs under control and olanzapine treatment conditions.

(C) The line chart comparing the maximal diameter of olanzapine-treated or control CO.

(D) H&E staining showing the development of COs under control and olanzapine treatment conditions.

(E and F) Barplot showing the difference of ventricular zone thickness and area in 12-day CO (E) and 24-day CO (F) treated by olanzapine or control. ANCOVA adjusting for three cell lines. ∗∗p < 0.01. ns: p > 0.05. (Detailed statistical data can be found in Table S11).

(G and H) Heatmap showing the similarity of 12-day or 24-day CO group samples treated using olanzapine or control culture to the Human Developing Brain atlas (BrainSpan). The reference similarity spectrum was defined using Spearman’s correlation test based on log2(TPM+1) normalized data of reference samples from 8pcw to 37pcw (G), or exclusively 8 and 9pcw (H). The cerebral organoids in days 12 and 24 were sequenced in two batches. pcw, post conception weeks; URL, upper (rostral) rhombic lip; MFC, anterior (rostral) cingulate (medial prefrontal) cortex; DFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; OFC, orbital frontal cortex; VFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; Ocx, occipital neocortex; M1C-S1C, primary motor-sensory cortex; PCx, parietal neocortex; STC, posterior (caudal) superior temporal cortex; ITC, inferolateral temporal cortex; TCx, temporal neocortex; AMY, amygdaloid complex; HIP, hippocampus; DTH, dorsal thalamus; MGE, medial ganglionic eminence; CGE, caudal ganglionic eminence; LGE, lateral ganglionic. Data are represented as mean ± SD.