Fig. 6. Wing spreading is found in multiple Drosophila lineages.

First two columns: proportion of females observed to exhibit VPO + WS, VPO, or neither behavior in pairwise matings under the designated social context (above). Asterisk denotes species where females were observed to sing courtship duets with males, and song-independent wing spreading behavior was not observed. Sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. Last column: published results from Spieth 1952²⁰ on whether the pre-copulatory acceptance behavior is VPO or VPO + WS. Numbers next to key nodes indicate estimated divergence times in Myr^30,32–34. Phylogeny is based on^{30,31,101–104}. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.