Table 1:

Sample characteristics

Characteristic	Item development (Phase 1) (n=35) %	Pilot testing (Phase 2) (n=497) %	Psychometric evaluation (Phase 3) (n=482) %
Gender   Cisgender female   Cisgender male   Other gender identities	57.1 37.1 5.7	43.7 54.5 1.6	48.8 50.2 1.0
Race   American Indian   Asian American   Hawaiian / Pacific Islander   Black   White   More than one race   Other race	2.9 0 0 34.3 51.4 8.6 2.9	2.2 2.8 0 8.3 84.5 1.2 1.0	5.0 2.9 0.4 11.6 70.8 3.9 5.4
Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity	5.7	17.2	17.2
Sexual orientation   Gay or lesbian   Heterosexual   Bisexual   Other	5.7 68.6 22.9 2.9	4.8 77.8 16.3 1.0	6.0 83.0 8.3 1.9
Age in years (M)	44	39	43
Education – bachelors or greater	54.3	72.6	25.7
Low-income (< 200% federal poverty level)	42.9	45.4	40.9
Time since resolving alcohol problems   > 5 years   1–5 years   6–12 months   3–6 months   1–3 months	40.0 14.3 17.1 20.0 8.6	13.1 14.8 20.3 29.1 22.8	34.0 40.9 10.0 7.1 8.1
Treatment and self-help group history  Ever received inpatient treatment  Ever received outpatient treatment  Attended self-help groups in past 30  days (in person or online)  Attended self-help groups previously  but not in past 30 days  Natural recovery	45.7 52.9 54.3 22.9 8.6	19.3 33.1 34.8 29.2 23.1	27.6 39.4 23.7 39.8 31.7
SIP Score (range 0–15) – Alcohol (M)	12.5	9.4	10.2
Current alcohol use  None  Monthly or less  2–4 times/month  Weekly or greater	62.9 25.7 2.9 8.6	24.4 22.5 27.8 25.4	47.7 25.5 13.1 13.7

Note. Natural recovery was defined as having no lifetime history of participation in inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, or any self-help group (online or in-person).