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. 2024 Oct 15;11:1454775. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1454775

Table 4.

Analysis of invariance by sex.

Sex χ2 (df) χ2/df CFI RMSEA (IC 90%) Comparison Δ χ2 ΔCFI ΔRMSEA
M1. Configuration invariance 2106.10 (448) 4.70 0.907 0.055 (0.053–0.058)
M2. Metric invariance 2122.29 (467) 4.54 0.907 0.054 (0.052–0.056) M2 vs. M1 16.19 (19)
p = 0.644
0.000 −0.001
M3. Scalar invariance 2314.89 (490) 4.72 0.898 0.055 (0.053–0.058) M3 vs. M2 192.60 (23)
p = 0.000
−0.009 0.001
M4. Strict invariance 2374.37 (523) 4.54 0.896 0.054 (0.052–0.056) M4 vs. M3 59.48 (33)
p = 0.003
−0.002 −0.001