Table 4.
Individual and neighborhood-level risk factors for aminoglycoside resistant urine cultures in patients meeting eligibility criteria from Tufts Medical Center, 2015–2020
| No. Isolates (%) | Primary Analysis | Secondary Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible (N = 1164) |
Resistant (N = 105) |
OR (95% CI) | p-val | OR (95% CI) | p-val | |
| Patient Characteristics | ||||||
| Age (Mean, SD) | 50.7 (20.1) | 59.1 (20.5) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.000 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.006 |
| Sex (n, %) | ||||||
| Female | 1,056 (90.7%) | 94 (89.5%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Male | 108 (9.3%) | 11 (10.5%) | 0.89 (0.46, 1.73) | 0.728 | 0.83 (0.36, 1.93) | 0.663 |
| Individual-level Factors | ||||||
| Race and Ethnicity* (n, %) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 413 (35.5%) | 34 (32.4%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Asian | 156 (13.4%) | 26 (24.8%) | 1.91 (1.1, 3.3) | 0.372 | 1.17 (0.58,2.35) | 0.665 |
| Black | 126 (10.8%) | 12 (11.4%) | 1.38 (0.68, 2.78) | 0.021 | 1.32 (0.63, 2.79) | 0.465 |
| Hispanic | 50 (4.3%) | 4 (3.8%) | 0.96 (0.33, 2.85) | 0.949 | 0.68 (0.21, 2.14) | 0.509 |
| Missing | 419 (36.0%) | 29 (27.6%) | ||||
| Language† (n, %) | ||||||
| English | 1031 (88.6%) | 79 (75.2%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Other Language | 133 (11.4%) | 26 (24.8%) | 1.99 (1.2, 3.28) | 0.007 | 2.33 (1.13, 4.8) | 0.022 |
| Insurance Type‡ (n, %) | ||||||
| Private | 593 (50.9%) | 43 (41.0%) | Ref | |||
| Public | 553 (47.5%) | 60 (57.1%) | 1.18 (0.77, 1.82) | 0.446 | ||
| Missing/Uninsured | 18 (1.5%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||||
| Neighborhood-level Factors | ||||||
| EJ-Designated Census Tract (n, %) | ||||||
| No | 446 (38.3%) | 40 (38.1%) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 718 (61.7%) | 65 (61.9%) | 1.1 (0.73, 1.67) | 0.642 | ||
| Pct of Households Identifying as Speaking English Less Than ‘Very Well’ (n, %) | ||||||
| < 25% | 918 (78.9%) | 73 (69.5%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| ≥ 25% | 246 (21.1%) | 32 (30.5%) | 1.75 (1.12, 2.73) | 0.013 | 1.4 (0.71, 2.76) | 0.337 |
| Pct Total that Is a Racial/Ethnic Minority (n, %) | ||||||
| ≤ 40% | 597 (51.3%) | 49 (46.7%) | Ref | Ref | ||
| > 40% | 567 (48.7%) | 56 (53.3%) | 1.33 (1.12, 2.73) | 0.168 | 1.16 (0.56, 2.37) | 0.693 |
| Median Household Income (n, %) | ||||||
| ≥ $54,850 | 904 (77.7%) | 80 (76.2%) | Ref | |||
| < $54,850 | 250 (21.5%) | 22 (21.0%) | 1.03 (0.63, 1.69) | 0.905 | ||
| Median Household Income ($10,000s) (Mean, SD) | 8.95 (4.05) | 8.81 (3.80) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | 0.571 | ||
| Pct that Did Not Complete High School (Mean, SD) | 10.9 (9.05) | 12. (10.4) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.184 | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.631 |
| Pct Foreign-born (Mean, SD) | 25.8 (14.3) | 26.8 (14.2) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.276 | ||
| Pct Living in Households with > 1 Person/Room (Mean, SD) | 3.12 (3.41) | 3.11 (3.37) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 0.6 | ||
*Race and/or ethnicity were categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic Other, which included American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Language was categorized as English, Chinese, Vietnamese, Spanish, or Other, which included Bosnian (n = 4), Portuguese (n = 4), and Cape Verdean (n = 3), among others
†Patients with “NA” listed as their preferred language were assumed to be English speakers as this section of the intake form is used to indicate the need for an interpreter; we confirmed through personal communication with clinic staff that “English” or “NA” is typically used to indicate patients that do not need an interpreter
‡Insurance was categorized as public, private, or uninsured based on information provided by the Massachusetts Division of Insurance [47]