Table 3.

Strategies to Reduce Health Care Disparities in PAD

Systems-based interventions	Optimization of cost-effective approaches to mitigate structural differences in how health care is provided. More efficient delivery of low-cost preventative measures (ie, hemoglobin A1c testing, ankle brachial index testing, and diabetic foot examinations). Leveraging of the electronic medical record to support peripheral artery disease–specific clinical decision support tools for the early identification and management of high-risk patients. Assessing and addressing social determinants of health to reduce bias.
Physician workforce interventions	Creation of a racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse workforce. Early engagement of young adults from racial, ethnic, and low-socioeconomic groups to science-based careers. Promotion of evidence-based approaches to address cultural competency. Development of international expertise in peripheral artery disease management.
Community education models	Public health efforts aimed at peripheral artery disease education integrated into the community (ie, the “barbershop” model). Increased clinical trials and community-based research to understand why disparities exist and to create avenues to increase health equity.

PAD indicates peripheral artery disease.