Table 1.
Demographic and Treatment Characteristics of Childhood Cancer Survivors and Control Subjects
| Survivors (n = 1,041) | Community Control Subjects (n = 286) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at evaluation, y | 35.5 ± 8.9 | 34.5 ± 10.0 | 0.01 |
| Age at diagnosis, y | 9.0 ± 5.8 | — | — |
| Time since diagnosis, y | 27.3 ± 9.2 | — | — |
| Sex | 0.84 | ||
| Female | 528 (50.7) | 147 (51.4) | |
| Male | 513 (49.3) | 139 (48.6) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 886 (85.2) | 258 (90.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 130 (12.5) | 14 (4.9) | |
| Hispanic | 8 (0.8) | 11 (3.9) | |
| Other | 16 (1.5) | 3 (1.0) | |
| Primary cancer diagnosis | — | — | |
| Leukemia | 273 (26.2) | ||
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 194 (18.6) | ||
| Central nervous system tumor | 157 (15.1) | ||
| Bone tumor | 90 (8.6) | ||
| Wilms tumor | 85 (8.2) | ||
| Soft tissue sarcoma | 55 (5.3) | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 52 (5.0) | ||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 43 (4.1) | ||
| Retinoblastoma | 39 (3.8) | ||
| Other solid tumors | 53 (5.1) | ||
| Treatment exposure | |||
| Anthracycline | 324 (31.1) | ||
| Chest-directed radiation | 140 (13.5) | ||
| Anthracycline + chest-directed radiation | 203 (19.5) | ||
| Neither anthracycline nor chest-directed radiation | 374 (35.9) | ||
| Radiation therapy | — | — | |
| Chest radiation, % | 343 (33.0) | ||
| Dose of chest radiation, Gy | 26 (20-35) | ||
| Cranial radiation | 286 (27.5) | ||
| Dose of cranial radiation, Gy | 26 (24-54) | ||
| Abdomen/pelvis radiation | 338 (32.5) | ||
| Dose of abdomen/pelvis radiation, Gy | 25 (20-35) | ||
| Anthracycline therapy | — | — | |
| Any anthracycline exposure | 527 (50.6) | ||
| Dose,a mg/m2 | 201 (151-323) | ||
| <100 mg/m2 | 44 (4.2) | ||
| 100-249 mg/m2 | 288 (27.7) | ||
| ≥250 mg/m2 | 194 (18.6) | ||
| Other chemotherapies | — | — | |
| Vincristine | 657 (63.1) | ||
| Alkylating agents | 590 (56.7) | ||
| Glucocorticoids | 386 (37.1) | ||
| Methotrexate | 381 (36.6) | ||
| Mercaptopurine | 268 (25.7) | ||
| Asparaginase | 212 (20.4) | ||
| Cisplatin | 96 (9.2) | ||
| Bleomycin | 77 (7.4) | ||
| Carboplatin | 62 (6.0) | ||
| Surgery | — | — | |
| Nephrectomy | 95 (9.1) | ||
| Amputation | 51 (4.9) | ||
| Thoracotomy | 44 (4.2) | ||
| Anthropometrics | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 7.3 | 27.9 ± 6.7 | 0.39 |
| Percent fat mass, % | 37.7 ± 9.3 | 26.0 ± 8.9 | <0.001 |
| Percent lean mass, % | 62.3 ± 9.4 | 74.0 ± 8.9 | <0.001 |
| Health habits | |||
| Smoking, pack-years | 2.7 ± 7.3 | 2.8 ± 7.4 | 0.70 |
| Moderate or vigorous physical activity, min/wk | 407 ± 716 | 406 ± 548 | 0.97 |
| Risky alcohol consumption | 36 (3.5) | 16 (5.6) | 0.11 |
| Baseline cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 219 (21.0) | 27 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 71 (6.8) | 9 (3.2) | 0.021 |
| Dyslipidemia | 159 (15.3) | 20 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Baseline cardiovascular medications | |||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers | 124 (11.9) | 3 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 100 (9.6) | 6 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Thiazide diuretic agents | 82 (7.9) | 4 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 56 (5.4) | 5 (1.8) | 0.009 |
| Loop diuretic agents | 12 (1.2) | 0 | - |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 11 (1.1) | 0 | - |
| Statin therapy | 144 (13.8) | 11 (3.9) | <0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (Q1-Q3).
a
Anthracycline dose was missing for 1 survivor who had been treated with anthracycline.