Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Enalapril (n = 56) | Standard care (n = 55) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| Age at randomization, y | 58 ± 11 | 58 ± 12 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 45 (80.4) | 41 (74.5) |
| Male | 11 (19.6) | 14 (25.5) |
| Racea | ||
| White | 55 (98.2) | 52 (94.5) |
| Other | 1 (1.8) | 3 (5.5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.3 (4.8) | 28.2 (5.5) |
| Type of cancer | ||
| Breast cancer | 35 (62.5) | 34 (61.8) |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 21 (37.5) | 21 (38.2) |
| Clinical history | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) |
| ECOG performance status scaleb | ||
| Grade 0 | 49 (87.5) | 48 (87.3) |
| Grade 1 | 6 (10.7) | 7 (12.7) |
| Grade 2 | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Coronary heart disease | 2 (3.6) | 2 (3.6) |
| Diabetes | 5 (8.9) | 3 (5.5) |
| Hypertension | 12 (21.4) | 5 (9.1) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5 (8.9) | 3 (5.5) |
| Smoking | ||
| Current smoker | 7 (12.5) | 3 (5.5) |
| Ex-smoker | 22 (39.3) | 15 (27.3) |
| Never smoked | 27 (48.2) | 37 (67.3) |
| HFA/ICOS riskc | ||
| Low | 29 (52.7) | 22 (42.9) |
| Medium | 23 (41.8) | 22 (39.3) |
| High | 3 (5.5) | 10 (17.7) |
| Baseline clinical assessments | ||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 74.7 ± 10.8 | 75.8 ± 10.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 132.8 ± 13.9 | 135.8 ± 15.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80.7 ± 9.9 | 80.4 ± 8.6 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 65.0 ± 12.3 | 67.5 ± 11.4 |
| Statin therapy, n (%) | 4 (7.1) | 6 (10.9) |
| Planned chemotherapy regimen | ||
| FEC75 | 8 (14.3) | 9 (16.4) |
| EC90 | 27 (48.2) | 25 (45.5) |
| (R-)CHOP | 21 (37.5) | 21 (38.2) |
| Chest radiotherapy prior to chemotherapy | ||
| Both sides | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) |
| Left side | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |
| Right side | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3.8) |
| Not known | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |
| None | 54 (96.4) | 50 (90.9) |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
EC90 = epirubicin and cyclophosphamide; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FEC75 = fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide; HFA/ICOS = Heart Failure Association/International Cardio-Oncology Society; (R)-CHOP = cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (± rituximab).
Race was self-reported.
ECOG performance status was based on the following grades: 0 = fully active able to carry on all predisease performance without restriction; 1 = restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature (eg, light housework, office work); 2 = ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work activities; Up and about more than 50% of waking hours.
HFA/ICOS risk was calculated retrospectively.