Table 2.

Association between Maternal Hypertension, Preeclampsia before or during Pregnancy and Risk for Offspring Cancer, Stratifying by Cancer Types

				Crude	Adjusted *
		N (%)	N	HR (95%CI)	HR (95%CI)
	Total N	yes	no
	Maternal hypertension (All hypertension including chronic and gestational)
Non-cases	2,291,512	72,656 (3.17)	2,194,415	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
All cancers	2,780	92 (3.31)	2,664	1.14 (0.93–1.40)	1.12 (0.90–1.41)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	802	37 (4.61)	760	1.62 (1.17–2.26)	1.87(1.32–2.65)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	658	33 (5.02)	623	1.81 (1.27–2.57)	1.96 (1.34–2.86)
Central nervous system tumors	389	9 (2.31)	378	0.81 (0.42–1.56)	0.91(0.46–1.81)
	Maternal chronic hypertension (pre-pregnancy or diagnosis before 20 weeks gestational age)
Non-cases	2,291,512	22,285 (0.97)	2,228,385	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
All cancers	2,780	28 (1.01)	2,715	1.14 (0.78–1.64)	1.07 (0.72–1.59
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	802	13 (1.62)	778	1.86 (1.08–3.22)	1.95 (1.12–3.37)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	658	13 (1.98)	640	2.33 (1.34–4.03)	2.25 (1.27–3.99)
	Maternal gestational hypertension during the index pregnancy
Non-cases	2,291,512	18,490 (0.81)	2,247,883	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
All cancers	2,780	29 (1.04)	2,725	1.36 (0.94–1.96)	1.29 (0.88–1.90)
	Maternal preeclampsia during pregnancy
Preeclampsia during the index pregnancy (any)**
Non-cases	2,291,512	44,971 (1.96)	2,221,659	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
All cancers	2,780	53 (1.91)	2,701	1.03 (0.79–1.35)	1.06 (0.80–1.40)
Mild preeclampsia during the index pregnancy
Non-cases	2,291,512	32,009 (1.40)	2,234,621	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
All cancers	2,780	35 (1.26)	2,719	0.96 (0.69–1.33)	0.99 (0.70–1.38)

^*Model adjusted for parity, preeclampsia/eclampsia in the index pregnancy, family income, infection in pregnancy and hyperthyroidism.

^**Preeclampsia during the index pregnancy adjusted for parity, and hyperthyroidism