Table I.
List of articles reviewed
| Author (year) | Country | Post-stroke stage | Sample size | Main selection criteria of participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stroke type | Physical function | Cognitive function | ||||
| Alenazi et al. (2018) (15) | United States | Chronic | 181 | The ability to walk > 10 m without an orthotic device | MMSE ≥ 24 | |
| Alzayer et al. (2009) (16) | United States | Chronic | 44 | The ability to walk 10 m independently with or without an assistive device | The ability to follow 3-step commands | |
| An et al. (2014) (17) | Korea | Chronic | 72 | The ability to walk more than 10 m without a walking aid | MMSE ≥ 24 | |
| An et al. (2017) (18) | Korea | Chronic | 57 | The ability to walk more than 10 m without a walking aid | MMSE > 24 | |
| Belgen et al. (2006) (19) | United States | Chronic | 50 | The ability to walk 10 m with no physical assistance with or without any assistive device | The ability to follow 3-step commands | |
| Beninato et al. (2009) (20) | United States | Chronic | 27 | The ability to ambulate independently at least 10 m with or without an assistive device | The ability to follow 3-step commands | |
| Faria-Fortini et al. (2021) (21) | Brazil | Chronic | 105 | Primary or recurrent unilateral stroke | The ability to walk 10 m with or without an assistive device | Except for MMSE < 13 or 18 or 26 (education-adjusted cutoff scores) |
| Fiedorová et al. (2022) (22) | Czech Republic | Subacute | 84 | Primary ischaemic stroke | FAC 3–5, and the ability to stand without support for 5 min | Except for severe phatic disorder |
| Huo et al. (2009) (23) | China | Chronic | 27 | The ability to walk independently with or without a cane | Except for higher cortical dysfunction or severe impair-ment of speech | |
| Kızılkaya et al. (2023) (24) | Turkey | Chronic | 39 | First unilateral anterior circulation stroke | The ability to walk at least 10 m without assistance, and BRS 3–6 | MMSE ≥ 24 |
| Lee et al. (2021) (25) | Korea | Unclear | 227 | FAC > 2 | ||
| Maeda et al. (2009) (26) | Japan | Chronic | 72 | |||
| Park et al. (2018) (27) | Korea | Chronic | 99 | Except for MMSE-K < 18 | ||
| Persson et al. (2011) (28) | Sweden | Acute | 96 | First-ever stroke | Except for diagnosis of dementia or severe psychiatric diseases | |
| Pinto et al. (2014) (29) | Brazil | Chronic | 150 | Ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke | The ability to understand the tests | |
| Sahin et al. (2019) (30) | Turkey | Chronic | 50 | The ability to stand for 2 min unassisted, and walk unassisted or assisted (with cane) 6 m | MMSE ≥ 24 | |
| Takatori et al. (2009) (31) | Japan | Subacute, chronic | 60 | The ability to stand unassisted for at least 1 min | MMSE ≥ 24, and no severe higher brain function disorders | |
| Takatori et al. (2009) (32) | Japan | Subacute, chronic | 76 | The ability to stand unassisted for at least 1 min | MMSE ≥ 24, and no severe higher brain function disorders | |
| Tsang et al. (2013) (33) | Hong Kong | Chronic | 106 | The ability to understand verbal instructions | ||
| Yamasaki et al. (2023) (34) | Japan | Subacute | 33 | First stroke involving the vertebrobasilar territory | Presence of ataxic symptoms in one upper or lower limb, and BRS ≥ 5 | No cognitive impairment, or higher brain dysfunction |
| Zou et al. (2021) (35) | Taiwan | Chronic | 30 | Single and unilateral stroke | The ability to walk independently over a distance of 10 m without walking aids or orthoses | No cognitive impairments or aphasia |
MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; FAC: Functional Ambulation Categories; BRS: Brunnstrom Recovery Stage; MMSE-K: Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version.