Table 2.
Baseline microbiological factors of the study participants
| Characteristic | U. parvum serovar 1 | U. parvum serovar 3 | U. parvum serovar 6 | U. parvum serovar 14 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Negative (n = 4854 |
Positive (n = 423) |
P |
Negative (n = 4333) |
Positive (n = 944) |
P |
Negative (n = 4432) |
Positive (n = 845) |
P |
Negative (n = 5190) |
Positive (n = 87) |
P | |
| N. gonorrhoeae | 0.746 | 0.543 | 0.397 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4838 (99.67%) | 422 (99.76%) | 4320 (99.70%) | 940 (99.58%) | 4419 (99.71%) | 841 (99.53%) | 5175 (99.71%) | 85 (97.70%) | ||||
| Positive | 16 (0.33%) | 1 (0.24%) | 13 (0.30%) | 4 (0.42%) | 13 (0.29%) | 4 (0.47%) | 15 (0.29%) | 2 (2.30%) | ||||
| U. urealyticum | 0.057 | < 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.162 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4345 (89.51%) | 391 (92.43%) | 3860 (89.08%) | 876 (92.80%) | 3955 (89.24%) | 781 (92.43%) | 4654 (89.67%) | 82 (94.25%) | ||||
| Positive | 509 (10.49%) | 32 (7.57%) | 473 (10.92%) | 68 (7.20%) | 477 (10.76%) | 64 (7.57%) | 536 (10.33%) | 5 (5.75%) | ||||
| M. hominis | < 0.001 | 0.092 | 0.021 | 0.237 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4480 (92.30%) | 371 (87.71%) | 3996 (92.22%) | 855 (90.57%) | 4091 (92.31%) | 760 (89.94%) | 4774 (91.98%) | 77 (88.51%) | ||||
| Positive | 374 (7.70%) | 52 (12.29%) | 337 (7.78%) | 89 (9.43%) | 341 (7.69%) | 85 (10.06%) | 416 (8.02%) | 10 (11.49%) | ||||
| M. genitalium | 0.295 | 0.804 | 0.397 | 0.303 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4801 (98.91%) | 416 (98.35%) | 4283 (98.85%) | 934 (98.94%) | 4384 (98.92%) | 833 (98.58%) | 5132 (98.88%) | 85 (97.70%) | ||||
| Positive | 53 (1.09%) | 7 (1.65%) | 50 (1.15%) | 10 (1.06%) | 48 (1.08%) | 12 (1.42%) | 58 (1.12%) | 2 (2.30%) | ||||
| HSV-2 | 0.565 | 0.010 | 0.656 | 0.086 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4790 (98.68%) | 416 (98.35%) | 4283 (98.85%) | 923 (97.78%) | 4371 (98.62%) | 835 (98.82%) | 5122 (98.69%) | 84 (96.55%) | ||||
| Positive | 64 (1.32%) | 7 (1.65%) | 50 (1.15%) | 21 (2.22%) | 61 (1.38%) | 10 (1.18%) | 68 (1.31%) | 3 (3.45%) | ||||
| C. trachomatis | 0.807 | 0.004 | 0.863 | 0.636 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4635 (95.49%) | 405 (95.74%) | 4155 (95.89%) | 885 (93.75%) | 4232 (95.49%) | 808 (95.62%) | 4956 (95.49%) | 84 (96.55%) | ||||
| Positive | 219 (4.51%) | 18 (4.26%) | 178 (4.11%) | 59 (6.25%) | 200 (4.51%) | 37 (4.38%) | 234 (4.51%) | 3 (3.45%) | ||||
| HPV | 0.091 | 0.007 | < 0.001 | 0.912 | ||||||||
| Negative | 3896 (80.26%) | 325 (76.83%) | 3496 (80.68%) | 725 (76.80%) | 3644 (82.22%) | 577 (68.28%) | 4151 (79.98%) | 70 (80.46%) | ||||
| Positive | 958 (19.74%) | 98 (23.17%) | 837 (19.32%) | 219 (23.20%) | 788 (17.78%) | 268 (31.72%) | 1039 (20.02%) | 17 (19.54%) | ||||
| T. vaginalis | 0.401 | 0.001 | 0.213 | 0.347 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4693 (98.80%) | 405 (99.26%) | 4187 (98.61%) | 911 (99.89%) | 4287 (98.76%) | 811 (99.27%) | 5024 (98.82%) | 74 (100.00%) | ||||
| Positive | 57 (1.20%) | 3 (0.74%) | 59 (1.39%) | 1 (0.11%) | 54 (1.24%) | 6 (0.73%) | 60 (1.18%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||||
| Nugent score | 0.988 | 0.408 | 0.007 | 0.779 | ||||||||
| ≤ 3 | 3651 (76.72%) | 313 (76.90%) | 3265 (76.75%) | 699 (76.64%) | 3338 (76.75%) | 626 (76.62%) | 3907 (76.73%) | 57 (77.03%) | ||||
| 4–6 | 830 (17.44%) | 71 (17.44%) | 749 (17.61%) | 152 (16.67%) | 775 (17.82%) | 126 (15.42%) | 887 (17.42%) | 14 (18.92%) | ||||
| ≥ 7 | 278 (5.84%) | 23 (5.65%) | 240 (5.64%) | 61 (6.69%) | 236 (5.43%) | 65 (7.96%) | 298 (5.85%) | 3 (4.05%) | ||||
| Donders score | 0.227 | 0.846 | 0.145 | 0.730 | ||||||||
| < 3 | 3916 (84.67%) | 346 (86.93%) | 3516 (84.80%) | 746 (85.06%) | 3606 (85.17%) | 656 (83.14%) | 4205 (84.83%) | 57 (86.36%) | ||||
| ≥ 3 | 709 (15.33%) | 52 (13.07%) | 630 (15.20%) | 131 (14.94%) | 628 (14.83%) | 133 (16.86%) | 752 (15.17%) | 9 (13.64%) | ||||
| Candidaa | 0.964 | 0.810 | 0.240 | 0.285 | ||||||||
| Negative | 4173 (90.38%) | 360 (90.45%) | 3742 (90.34%) | 791 (90.61%) | 3810 (90.18%) | 723 (91.52%) | 4475 (90.44%) | 58 (86.57%) | ||||
| Positive | 444 (9.62%) | 38 (9.55%) | 400 (9.66%) | 82 (9.39%) | 415 (9.82%) | 67 (8.48%) | 473 (9.56%) | 9 (13.43%) | ||||
Abbreviations: U. urealyticum Ureaplasma urealyticum, U. parvum Ureaplasma parvum, N. gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae, M. hominis Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium Mycoplasma genitalium, HSV-2 herpes simplex virus type 2, C. trachomatis Chlamydia trachomatis, HPV human papilloma virus, T. vaginalis Trichomonas vaginalis
N (%) for categorical variables
Statistics with a P-value of 0.05 or less were shown in bold text
aCandida positivity was based on the presence of visible pseudohyphae and/or budding yeasts via microscopy and culture positive