Table 1.
Characteristics of the study populations in the randomized trials
| COAPT (n = 614) | MITRA-FR (n = 304) | RESHAPE-HF2 (n = 506) | MATTERHORN (n = 208) | STICH (n = 204)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trial intervention | TEER vs. control | TEER vs. control | TEER vs. control | TEER vs. Surgical | CABG vs. control |
| Age, years | 72 ± 11 | 70 ± 10 | 70 ± 10 | 71 ± 8 | 61 ± 9 |
| Sex (male) | 64% | 75% | 80% | 60% | 82 |
| Aetiology—ischaemic | 61% | 59% | 65% | 44% | 100% |
| EuroSCORE II, median (IQR) | NR | 6.6 (3.5–11.9)b | 5.3 (2.8–9.0) | 3.0 (1.7–4.3) | NR |
| 6-min walk distance, m | 240 (146–331) | 310 ± 126c | 292 ± 107 | 347 (240–400) | 307 ± 113 |
| ACEI or ARB or ARNI | 67% | 84% | 82% | 70% | NR |
| Beta-blocker | 90% | 90% | 96% | 84% | NR |
| Diuretics | 89% | 99% | 95% | NR | NR |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | NR | NR | 9% | 10% | NR |
| NYHA III/IV | 61% | 67% | 75% | 86% | 52% |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 5174 ± 6567b | 3407 (1948–6790)b | 4185 ± 4340 2745 (1407–5385) |
NR | NR |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 49 ± 26 | 50 ± 20 | 56 ± 21 | 57 ± 21 | NR |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 31 ± 9 | 33 ± 6 | 31 ± 8 | 43 ± 12 | 27 ± 8 |
| LV end-diastolic volume, (mL/m2) | 101 ± 34 | 135 ± 35 | 110 ± 40d | 86 ± 30d | 138 ± 46 |
| EROA, cm² | 0.41 ± 0.15 | 0.31 ± 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.30e |
| Severe MR (EROA ≥ 0.4 cm2) | 41% | 16% | 14% | NR | 21% |
| Mortality, control group | 2 years: 46.1% | 2 years: 34.2% | 2 years: 29.6% | 1 year: 8.3%b | 5 years: 55%f |
| All heart failure hospitalization, control group | 2 years: 67.9 per 100 patients-years | 2 years: 106.9 per 100 patients-years | 2 years: 46.6 per 100 patients-years | 1 year: 3%b | NR |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; LV, left ventricle; NR, not reported; NT-proBNP, n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SGLT2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.
aSubgroup of patients with moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation.
bTEER group.
c n = 223.
dAdjusted using the average body surface area in the COAPT trial.
eExtrapolated.
fCoronary artery bypass grafting alone.