Table 1. Baseline clinical and metabolic characteristics of population group and groups with prediabetes.
| Total n = 1431 | No glucose metabolism disturbances n = 634 Mean (95% CI) | Population with prediabetes n = 797 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFG n = 415 Mean (95% CI) | IGT n = 298 Mean (95% CI) | Population with prediabetes based on HbA1c alone n = 84 Mean (95% CI) | |||
| Age, years | 46.82 (46.05–47.59) | 39.60 (38.62–40.57) | 50.15 (48.83–51.46) | 55.46 (53.87–57.05) | 54.23 (50.99–57.47) |
| Sex, male, n, % | 52.8% (43.4%-62.1%) | 38.8% (35.1%-42.7%) | 57.8% (53.0%-62.5%) | 45.3% (39.7%-51.0%) | 26.2% (18.0%-36.5%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.30 (26.06–26.54) | 24.70 (24.39–25.02) | 27.48 (27.06–27.90) | 28.21 (27.67–28.76) | 25.78 (24.85–26.71) |
| WHR | 0.86 (0.85–0.86) | 0.83 (0.82–0.83) | 0.89 (0.88–0.90) | 0.89 (0.88–0.90) | 0.84 (0.83–0.86) |
| SBP mmHg | 122.18 (121.31–123.04) | 116.63 (115.51–117.76) | 126.91 (125.33–128.49) | 128.03 (125.97–130.08) | 119.93 (116.81–123.06) |
| DBP mmHg | 80.48 (79.96–80.99) | 78.04 (77.36–78.72) | 82.79 (81.82–83.77) | 82.98 (81.76–84.20) | 78.60 (76.44–80.77) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl, | 193.63 (191.59–195.67) | 185.15 (182.46–187.84) | 202.46 (198.47–206.45) | 195.97 (191.36–200.58) | 205.70 (196.20–215.21) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 109.45 (105.34–113.56) | 96.59 (89.84–103.34) | 116.00 (109.74–122.25) | 128.71 (119.21–138.21) | 105.86 (95.64–116.08) |
| HDL-C, mg/dl, | 62.17 (61.31–63.03) | 63.83 (62.58–65.09) | 60.91 (59.23–62.59) | 59.47 (57.72–61.21) | 65.42 (61.63–69.21) |
| LDL-C, mg/dl, | 123.86 (122.00–125.72) | 115.68 (113.23–118.13) | 132.76 (129.14–136.38) | 126.15 (122.03–130.26) | 133.36 (124.28–142.45) |
| Cholesterol-lowering treatment, % | 25.5% (18.1%-34.5%) | 2.7% (1.7%-4.3%) | 10.8% (8.2%-14.2%) | 20.5% (16.3%-25.4%) | 17.9% (11.1%-27.4%) |
| Fasting glucose level, mg/dl | 97.87 (97.38–98.36) | 90.78 (90.34–91.22) | 105.77 (105.25–106.28) | 103.40 (102.38–104.41) | 92.70 (91.60–93.80) |
| Serum glucose concentration, 1h after glucose loading, mg/dl | 143.57 (141.33–145.82) | 120.85 (118.29–123.40) | 152.38 (148.91–155.85) | 178.48 (173.99–182.97) | 133.75 (124.61–142.89) |
| Serum glucose concentration, 2h of glucose loading, mg/dl, | 117.70 (116.24–119.17) | 102.43 (100.99–103.87) | 112.54 (110.70–114.37) | 158.98 (157.20–160.75) | 112.08 (107.88–116.29) |
| Fasting insulin concentration, mg/dl, | 11.81 (11.41–12.21) | 9.63 (9.23–10.04) | 13.45 (12.71–14.20) | 14.92 (13.71–16.14) | 9.94 (8.96–10.91) |
| Serum insulin concentration, 1h after glucose loading, mg/dl, | 84.87 (81.09–88.65) | 66.26 (62.43–70.09) | 98.36 (90.74–105.98) | 105.73 (95.33–116.12) | 77.68 (66.20–89.16) |
| Serum insulin concentration, 2h after glucose loading, mg/dl, | 61.99 (58.78–65.21) | 43.38 (40.99–45.77) | 56.55 (52.03–61.07) | 110.48 (99.53–121.42) | 55.82 (47.75–63.88) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.36 (5.34–5.38) | 5.16 (5.14–5.18) | 5.45 (5.42–5.48) | 5.51 (5.47–5.55) | 5.84 (5.81–5.86) |
| HOMA-IR | 2.90 (2.80–3.01) | 2.17 (2.08–2.27) | 3.52 (3.32–3.72) | 3.87 (3.54–4.20) | 2.29 (2.06–2.52) |
| QUICKI | 0.34 (0.33–0.34) | 0.35 (0.35–0.35) | 0.32 (0.32–0.33) | 0.32 (0.32–0.33) | 0.34 (0.34–0.35) |
| Matsuda Index | 4.69 (4.52–4.85) | 6.04 (5.77–6.31) | 3.79 (3.57–4.01) | 3.05 (2.82–3.28) | 5.29 (4.46–6.12) |
| Average CCA IMT | 0.63 (0.62–0.64) | 0.58 (0.57–0.59) | 0.65 (0.64–0.66) | 0.70 (0.68–0.71) | 0.67 (0.64–0.69) |
| Presence of any atherosclerotic plaques | 70.8% (61.5%-78.6%) | 23.3% (20.2%-26.8%) | 50.4% (45.6%-55.1%) | 61.4% (55.8%-66.8%) | 50.0% (39.5%-60.5%) |
| Brachial- Ankle PWV, m/s | 10.36 (10.24–10.49) | 9.58 (9.42–9.74) | 10.72 (10.51–10.93) | 11.30 (11.03–11.57) | 10.72 (9.95–11.50) |
| AIx | 14.71 (14.06–15.36) | 12.20 (11.28–13.11) | 15.40 (14.20–16.60) | 17.86 (16.51–19.20) | 18.22 (14.88–21.56) |
BMI–Body Mass Index, WHR–Waist-Hip Ratio, SBP–systolic blood pressure, DBP–diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c –glycated hemoglobin A1c, LDL -low density lipoprotein, HDL–high density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR—Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, QUICKI- quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, CCA IMT—Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness, PWV–pulse wave velocity, Aix- augmentation index, CI–Confidence interval.