Table 2. Evaluation of the relationship of vascular early atherosclerotic parameters with anthropometric, metabolic and insulin resistance parameters.
| The occurrence of any atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries | ICA stenosis >50% | Local IMT thickening | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% Confidence interval) | Mean (95% Confidence interval) | |||||
| Mean (95% Confidence interval) | ||||||
| Age | without any plaques | 38.54 (37.80–39.27) | Without stenosis | 46.56 (45.79–47.33) | Without IMT thickening | 38.59 (37.79–39.38) |
| with plaques | 58.90 (57.98–59.81) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 69.93 (65.85–74.01) | With IMT thickening | 58.17 (57.15–59.18) | |
| BMI kg/m2 | without any plaques | 25.28 (24.99–25.57) | Without stenosis | 26.28 (26.04–26.52) | Without IMT thickening | 25.34 (25.03–25.66) |
| with plaques | 27.79 (27.42–28.17) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 28.17 (26.08–30.26) | With IMT thickening | 27.72 (27.33–28.11) | |
| WHR | without any plaques | 0.83 (0.83–0.84) | Without stenosis | 0.86 (0.85–0.86) | Without IMT thickening | 0.83 (0.83–0.84) |
| with plaques | 0.89 (0.89–0.90) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | With IMT thickening | 0.90 (0.89–0.90) | |
| LDL-C mg/dl | without any plaques | 117.74 (115.55–119.93) | Without stenosis | 123.91 (122.05–125.78) | Without IMT thickening | 118.24 (115.81–120.67) |
| with plaques | 132.80 (129.66–135.93) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 116.08 (93.80–138.37) | With IMT thickening | 131.45 (128.23–134.68) | |
| Fasting glucose level, mg/dl | without any plaques | 95.48 (94.88–96.08) | Without stenosis | 97.77 (97.28–98.27) | Without IMT thickening | 96.37 (95.72–97.01) |
| with plaques | 101.35 (100.61–102.08) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 105.93 (102.08–109.77) | With IMT thickening | 101.84 (101.11–102.57) | |
| Serum glucose concentration after 1h in OGTT, mg/dl | without any plaques | 132.08 (129.43–134.74) | Without stenosis | 143.12 (140.87–145.37) | Without IMT thickening | 132.13 (129.41–134.85) |
| with plaques | 160.18 (156.74–163.62) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 179.50 (163.25–195.75) | With IMT thickening | 159.19 (155.82–162.56) | |
| Serum glucose concentration after 2h in OGTT, mg/dl | without any plaques | 111.67 (109.91–113.43) | Without stenosis | 117.57 (116.10–119.05) | Without IMT thickening | 112.93 (111.03–114.83) |
| with plaques | 126.50 (124.16–128.85) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 126.07 (113.90–138.25) | With IMT thickening | 126.24 (123.86–128.62) | |
| HbA1c % | without any plaques | 5.24 (5.22–5.27) | Without stenosis | 5.35 (5.33–5.37) | Without IMT thickening | 5.24 (5.22–5.27) |
| with plaques | 5.52 (5.49–5.55) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 5.90 (5.72–6.08) | With IMT thickening | 5.51 (5.48–5.54) | |
| Fasting insulin concentration, μU/ml | without any plaques | 10.92 (10.47–11.37) | Without stenosis | 11.77 (11.37–12.18) | Without IMT thickening | 11.11 (10.61–11.61) |
| with plaques | 13.09 (12.38–13.81) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 13.45 (10.07–16.83) | With IMT thickening | 13.23 (12.46–14.00) | |
| Serum insulin concentration after 1h in OGTT, μU/ml | without any plaques | 75.74 (71.81–79.67) | Without stenosis | 84.37 (80.58–88.17) | Without IMT thickening | 75.38 (71.43–79.34) |
| with plaques | 97.97 (90.86–105.08) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 126.66 (90.83–162.48) | With IMT thickening | 97.22 (90.27–104.17) | |
| Serum insulin concentration after 2h in OGTT, μU/ml | without any plaques | 52.79 (49.74–55.83) | Without stenosis | 61.75 (58.52–64.98) | Without IMT thickening | 53.96 (50.31–57.61) |
| with plaques | 75.29 (68.94–81.63) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 76.92 (47.47–106.37) | With IMT thickening | 74.08 (67.56–80.61) | |
| HOMA-IR | without any plaques | 2.61 (2.49–2.73) | Without stenosis | 2.89 (2.79–3.00) | Without IMT thickening | 2.69 (2.55–2.82) |
| with plaques | 3.33 (3.13–3.52) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 3.52 (2.63–4.41) | With IMT thickening | 3.38 (3.17–3.59) | |
| QUICKI | without any plaques | 0.34 (0.34–0.34) | Without stenosis | 0.34 (0.33–0.34) | Without IMT thickening | 0.34 (0.34–0.34) |
| with plaques | 0.33 (0.33–0.33) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 0.32 (0.31–0.34) | With IMT thickening | 0.33 (0.33–0.33) | |
| Matsuda Index | without any plaques | 5.21 (4.98–5.44) | Without stenosis | 4.71 (4.54–4.87) | Without IMT thickening | 5.23 (5.00–5.46) |
| with plaques | 3.94 (3.71–4.16) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 3.11 (1.65–4.58) | With IMT thickening | 3.96 (3.74–4.18) | |
| Carotid-femoral PWV, m/s | without any plaques | 8.13 (7.99–8.26) | Without stenosis | 8.57 (8.44–8.69) | Without IMT thickening | 8.14 (8.00–8.27) |
| with plaques | 9.23 (9.00–9.45) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 8.75 (6.87–10.62) | With IMT thickening | 9.17 (8.95–9.39) | |
| AIx | without any plaques | 10.50 (9.78–11.21) | Without stenosis | 14.60 (13.95–15.25) | Without IMT thickening | 10.55 (9.83–11.28) |
| with plaques | 20.77 (19.81–21.74) | With ICA stenosis >50% | 22.85 (15.15–30.55) | With IMT thickening | 20.35 (19.38–21.31) | |
Aix- augmentation index, PWV–pulse wave velocity, QUICKI -quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, HOMA-IR–homeostatic model assessment, HbA1c –glycated hemoglobin A1c, BMI–body mass index, WHR–waist to hip ratio, LDL-C–low density lipoprotein, ICA–internal carotid artery, IMT–intima media thickening.