Table 1.
Frequency of Post-COVID-Like Symptoms by Infection Status (n = 955)
| Uninfecteda | Infected at Baselineb | Uninfected at Baseline and Infected During Follow-upc | Infected at Baseline and Reinfected During Follow-upd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % [95% CI] who reported ≥1 symptom | n = 47/227 21 [16–28] |
n = 49/122 40 [31–49] |
n = 177/536 33 [29–37] |
n = 30/70 43 [30–61] |
| Symptom, No. (%) | ||||
| Fatigue | 27 (58) | 25 (51) | 115 (65) | 18 (60) |
| Decreased energy to exercise | 28 (60) | 27 (55) | 108 (61) | 18 (60) |
| Shortness of breath | 13 (28) | 10 (20) | 69 (14) | 6 (20) |
| Chest pain | 5 (11) | 8 (16) | 25 (14) | 4 (13) |
| Abdominal pain | 6 (13) | 5 (10) | 19 (11) | 3 (10) |
| Palpitations | 13 (28) | 5 (10) | 37 (21) | 6 (20) |
| Trouble sleeping | 25 (53) | 24 (49) | 91 (51) | 13 (43) |
| Headache | 20 (43) | 22 (45) | 72 (41) | 12 (40) |
| Weakness | 13 (28) | 8 (6.6) | 54 (31) | 11 (37) |
| Loss of taste and smell | 7 (15) | 7 (16) | 41 (23) | 3 (10) |
| Hoarse voice/change in voice | 14 (30) | 7 (16) | 45 (25) | 3 (10) |
| Rashes | 6 (13) | 4 (8.2) | 29 (16) | 5 (17) |
| Discoloration of fingers and toes | 3 (6) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (2.8) | 0 |
| Dizziness | 9 (19) | 9 (7.4) | 48 (27) | 6 (20) |
| Numbness/paresthesia | 6 (13) | 6 (18) | 20 (11) | 2 (7) |
| Difficulty concentrating, “brain fog” | 28 (60) | 25 (51) | 109 (62) | 19 (63) |
Abbreviation: COVID, coronavirus disease 2019.
aInfection-naïve individuals (negative serology both at baseline and at follow-up) and no evidence of infection during the follow-up period*.
bInfected before baseline (positive serology at baseline) and no evidence of second infection during the follow-up period*.
cInfected individuals (negative serology at baseline) who got infected for the first time during the follow-up period*.
dIndividuals infected before baseline (positive serology at baseline) who got reinfected during the follow-up period*.
*By the combined serology, avidity-based and viral testing data classification (Supplementary Figure 1).