Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants (N = 7501)
| At the Start of Surveillance for Season 1 | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, y | |
| Mean (SD) | 46.5 (11.7) |
| Median (IQR) | 47 (37–57) |
| 18–49 | 4169 (55.6) |
| 50–59 | 2064 (27.5) |
| 60–64 | 1268 (16.9) |
| Gender | |
| Female | 5356 (71.4) |
| Male | 2145 (28.6) |
| Race and ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 6776 (90.3) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 252 (3.4) |
| African American | 141 (1.9) |
| Asian | 214 (2.9) |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 27 (0.4) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 8 (0.1) |
| Unknown | 83 (1.1) |
| CCIa | |
| 0 | 4674 (62.3) |
| 1 | 1561 (20.8) |
| ≥2 | 1266 (16.9) |
| SES per HOUSES Index by quartileb | |
| 1 (lowest) | 1028 (14.1) |
| 2 | 1323 (18.1) |
| 3 | 1962 (26.8) |
| 4 (highest) | 3000 (41.0) |
| Missing | 188 |
| Geographic location | |
| Minnesota | 4229 (56.4) |
| Wisconsin | 1068 (14.2) |
| Florida | 1171 (15.6) |
| Arizona | 1033 (13.8) |
| Ruralityc | |
| Urban | 6605 (88.4) |
| Rural | 871 (11.6) |
| Missing | 25 |
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SES, socioeconomic status.
aCCI excludes age as a variable [11–13].
bThe HOUSES Index is a validated, standardized, and objective individual housing asset–based SES index incorporating 4 property variables: value, square footage, number of bedrooms, and number of bathrooms [7, 8, 14–18]. A higher HOUSES Index quartile score indicates a higher SES level.
cRurality was determined per the US Census Bureau's urban/rural classification [19] .