Orchowski 2008.
Methods | RCT. Students randomly allocated to intervention or control | |
Participants | 300 female undergraduate students (91.7% aged 18‐19 years) at a Midwestern university, USA | |
Interventions | Intervention: part 1: didactic/interactive course and video; part 2: self defence course lasting 2 hours, delivered 2 weeks after part 1; part 3: booster revision course lasting 1 hour, delivered 2 months after part 1. Delivered by female graduate students. 157 students Control: Peer‐based vaccine preventable disease education and awareness program. 143 students |
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Outcomes | Incidence of sexual assault, recognition of risky dating situations, knowledge of resources available, and self efficacy in responding to threatening dating situations, as measured by Sexual Experiences Survey, Dating Self‐Protection Against Rape Scale, Sexual Communication Survey, Self‐efficacy Scale, Rape Attribution Scale and a multiple choice test of knowledge | |
Follow‐up | 2 and 4 months post‐test | |
Notes | ‐ | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Study used "random assignment" |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not stated |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Attrition rate at 2 months: 12% (36/300). Attrition rate at 4 months: 54% (163/300). Reasonable rate for 2 and 4 months |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes reported fully (number of participants, means and SDs for continuous scales; n and % for categorical scales) |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Blinding not possible, but facilitators received training and were supervised to ensure they adhered to study protocol |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not stated |