Fig. 3.

LPS exposure elicits robust secretion of monocyte-associated cytokines and chemokines in ELBW preterm infants. PBMCs from D14 FT and D14, D28, and W36 preterm infants were stimulated with LPS or left unstimulated for 24 h. A total of 27 monocyte-associated cytokines and chemokines from the cell culture supernatant were measured in different Luminex panels and by ELISA. PCA comparing the ratios of LPS-stimulated and LPS-unstimulated values of different cytokines (a) and chemokines (b) in FT and ELBW preterm children at different postnatal ages. Extended analyses (c–e) compared the unstimulated (LPS−) versus LPS-stimulated (LPS+) values where each point (depicted with distinct color) with matched data (LPS− and LPS+) spread across the row represented median value of each cytokine (c) or chemokine (d, e) from infants of different age groups. Elaborated comparisons showing individual data for each cytokine and chemokine were presented in online supplementary Fig. S4.