Table 4.
Multivariable analysis to identify the main predictors of death in Brazilian patients hospitalized due to severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the influenza virus who presented co-detection by other respiratory viruses.
| Markers | B | SE | Wald | df | p-value | OR | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory virus | |||||||
| Bocavirus | 2.69 | 0.84 | 10.23 | 1 | 0.001 | 14.78 | 2.84–76.98 |
| Metapneumovirus | 2.14 | 0.78 | 7.63 | 1 | 0.006 | 8.50 | 1.86–38.78 |
| Rhinovirus | 1.05 | 0.54 | 3.73 | 1 | 0.054 | 2.86 | 0.98–8.32 |
| Age (years of age) | |||||||
| <1 to 24 | −2.26 | 0.68 | 11.10 | 1 | 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.03–0.40 |
| 25 to 60 (reference) | 16.28 | 2 | 0.001 | ||||
| >61 | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.37 | 1 | 0.545 | 1.43 | 0.45–4.59 |
| Race (Other vs. white people)a | 1.30 | 0.50 | 6.84 | 1 | 0.009 | 3.67 | 1.39–9.74 |
| Cardiopathy | 1.25 | 0.57 | 4.75 | 1 | 0.029 | 3.48 | 1.13–10.71 |
| Need for an intensive care unit | 2.03 | 0.58 | 12.21 | 1 | 0.001 | 7.64 | 2.44–23.92 |
| Need for ventilatory support | |||||||
| Invasive | 0.91 | 0.65 | 1.97 | 1 | 0.160 | 2.49 | 0.70–8.92 |
| Non-invasive | −0.78 | 0.59 | 1.75 | 1 | 0186 | 0.6 | 0.14–1.46 |
| Not performed (reference) | 8.20 | 2 | 0.017 | ||||
| Constant | −4.15 | 0.73 | 32,54 | 1 | 0.001 | 0.01 | |
95%CI, 95% confidence interval; df, degrees of freedom; SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio. The following markers were included in the model: viral infection (bocavirus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus), age, race, comorbidities (cardiopathy, hepatic disorder, diabetes mellitus, and immunodepression), need for an intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilatory support. The multivariable analysis was done using the Binary Logistic Regression model with the Backward Stepwise method. Markers with p ≤ 0.05 in the bivariate analysis were included in the regression model. The dependent variable was the health outcome (death or recovery—hospital discharge). The alpha error of 0.05 was considered in the multivariable analyses carried out in the study.
Other races included the patients self-declared as Black people, Asian individuals, Mixed individuals (Pardos), and Indigenous peoples. The data were collected in the Open-Data-SUS (https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/). The data comprised the period from December 19, 2019, to April 06, 2023—three years since the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic in Brazil.