Table 1.

Overview of CEUS imaging features of common solid renal masses, adapted from [35]

Solid lesion	Conventional (B-mode) ultrasound findings	CEUS findings
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	- Small tumors often echogenic - Large tumors heterogeneously hypoechoic, hemorrhage and calcifications common	- Heterogenous hyperenhancing on cortical phase - Hypoenhancement (“wash-out”) on corticomedullary and delayed phases - Perilesion rim-like enhancement (“pseudocapsule”)
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC)	- Hypoechoic; internal solid components	- Homogenous - Iso/hypoenhancement relative to renal parenchyma throughout exam
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC)	- Variable	- Variable
Angiomyolipoma (AML)	- Homogenously hyperechoic; lipid-poor AMLs can be isoechoic	- Homogenous enhancement - Prolonged enhancement, ± slow washout
Renal oncocytoma (RO)	- Variable	- Variable
Pseudotumor	- Isoechoic	- Isoenhancing relative to renal parenchyma throughout exam