. 2024 Oct 29;14:25917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76180-9

Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of cognitive errors with psychiatric factors, life satisfaction and other background characteristics (Chi-squared test).

Independent variable	Percentage (w%)	P value
Depression symptom
No	21.12	< 0.01
Yes	26.75	< 0.01
Cognitive impairment
No	21.72	< 0.01
Yes	30.00	< 0.01
Neurological condition
No	22.39	< 0.01
Yes	36.41	< 0.01
Age category
45–59 years	21.70	0.04
60–69 years	22.87
70 years	25.11
Gender
Male	21.70	0.02
Female	23.56	0.02
Educational attainment
No schooling	25.17	< 0.01
Up to 5 years	22.11
6–10 years	19.56
Above 10 years	20.30
Social class
Scheduled Tribe	18.37	< 0.01
Scheduled Caste	26.72
Other Backward Class	23.54
Others	19.62
Household economic status
Poorest	21.15	0.91
Poorer	22.71
Middle	23.33
Richer	23.25
Richest	23.02
Marital status
In a union	21.99	< 0.01
Not in a union	24.85	< 0.01
Social interaction
Yes	22.00	< 0.01
No	25.74	< 0.01
Place of residence
Rural	23.28	0.04
Urban	21.38	0.04
Self-reported health status
Good	21.97	0.24
Poor	26.25	0.24
Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
High	22.42	0.88
Low	24.13	0.88
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
High	20.41	< 0.01
Low	26.92	< 0.01
Morbidity status
None	21.82	0.25
One disease	21.23
Multimorbidity	27.40
Hearing loss
No	22.54	0.30
Yes	24.51	0.30
Engagement in vigorous physical activity
No	23.72	< 0.01
Yes	21.27	< 0.01
Ever smoker
No	23.82	< 0.01
Yes	20.79	< 0.01
Ever consumed alcohol
No	22.54	0.17
Yes	23.38	0.17
Reading habit
Daily	18.36	< 0.01
Some times	22.14
Never	23.78
Total	22.67

W%: weighted percentage, P value is based Chi-squared test.