Table 7.

Risk of presence of CAC for different subpopulations (non-smokers with no alcohol consumption history as reference).

Subpopulation	OR (95% CI)	p value*
Smoking (-), Alcohol (-)	Reference	-
Smoking (+), Alcohol (-)	1.66 (1.10, 2.49)	0.016
Smoking (+), Alcohol (+)	1.92 (1.32, 2.81)	0.001

Abbreviations: CAC, coronary artery calcification; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. Smoking (-), Alcohol (-): Non-alcohol-consumers who currently do not smoke. Smoking (+), Alcohol (-): Current smokers with no alcohol consumption history. Smoking (+), Alcohol (+): Alcohol consumers who currently smoke.

*Adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and use of statins.